ÿWPCã ÃMµ…›`(Õ‡W ÔÏ‹tÙœ¬P²´áQÛýAŸÈI¼·ÿK'ù¹uó…iJWüü*9ý³ÐKÁv9É¿,Ü6bd„†Ÿ’»E-¾ÑžýqÌ6iÍî;7ZK5çWÐ BLË̦óà£0+s¸n1 1zŸ?§‰: Ð»ÒM[jW« 2.Ø»üºÔZÎY6™RµÎòXÇ^×Ë^¨¥k½ßx‰ý§®¡Û "âÞ Ç`‹O(”õ%ï$5¾0ó»^bu©ËÅåOøV²"œhV/ZùkþíWÇÏ\¢"V¶8e‹j]¸áÑÖŠB¦€Ñ-Á¯ôl^6Ól𺯹šy >¸‡TWQ¨ú­Y» v$p±3B9½‘q*á•¿,ÍnÐÀy,aùÚ’îêÁ» øéqo‡t†­„ŒÐ’ZZOÆÏœ=y;õ '4^¥°ÌO/+H’ý[sÂÍ*¦QKH¯Ã½4`à"†9Ñ™4Ž0±þy”|¼•ÖsåM?¬íšÓ_¯`ÇŠ 5™ófb#V” ÛÜ­8Œ ˆ)Æþìöˆ\&Pî%º¥íï­3®þ@–&}X´w?¾[äêa3Í¡v^…©ÄŠãF¼ì­ÝivmÇfšTð`¢·B¯ #!¨UNÉ % 0(Ew$E4i}Œ mŽU>¥˜HP LaserJet 4P,ü,,,,,ü0xÈhH  Z6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡0€D‚Dƒ„D…†D‡ˆD‰Š‹DŒDŽD‘D’“D”•–D—˜D™šD›œDžDŸ D¡¢D£¤D¥¦§D¨©Dª«D¬­D®D¯VQÙ$esktop3|x¯ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀxÈhH  Z&Times New RomanÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý›ò òÔ‡„ à„XXÔÔ‡ „ à„„„ àÔÓ  ÓAMERICAN€CONVENTION€ON€HUMAN€RIGHTSÔ#†„ à„„ „ à>#ÔÔ#†Xz´X„„ à#Ôó ó€Ð ° ÐÓ]ÓÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€(Signed€at€the€Inter-American€Specialized€Conference€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€on€Human€Rights,€San€¢Jos£,€Costa€Rica,€22€November€1969)ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô‡ RX!XXz´ÔÔ‡  RX!! RXÔPreamble€Ô#† RX!! RXæ#ÔÔ#†Xz´X! RXÇ#ÔÐ Ø ( ÐÌThe€American€states€signatory€to€the€present€Convention,€ÌÌReaffirming€their€intention€to€consolidate€in€this€hemisphere,€within€the€framework€ofÏdemocratic€institutions,€a€system€of€personal€liberty€and€social€justice€based€on€respect€for€theÏessential€rights€of€man;€ÌÌRecognizing€that€the€essential€rights€of€man€are€not€derived€from€one's€being€a€national€of€aÏcertain€state,€but€are€based€upon€attributes€of€the€human€personality,€and€that€they€thereforeÏjustify€international€protection€in€the€form€of€a€convention€reinforcing€or€complementing€theÏprotection€provided€by€the€domestic€law€of€the€American€states;€ÌÌConsidering€that€these€principles€have€been€set€forth€in€the€Charter€of€the€Organization€ofÏAmerican€States,€in€the€American€Declaration€of€the€Rights€and€Duties€of€Man,€and€in€theÏUniversal€Declaration€of€Human€Rights,€and€that€they€have€been€reaffirmed€and€refined€in€otherÏinternational€instruments,€worldwide€as€well€as€regional€in€scope;€ÌÌReiterating€that,€in€accordance€with€the€Universal€Declaration€of€Human€Rights,€the€ideal€of€freeÏmen€enjoying€freedom€from€fear€and€want€can€be€achieved€only€if€conditions€are€createdÏwhereby€everyone€may€enjoy€his€economic,€social,€and€cultural€rights,€as€well€as€his€civil€andÏpolitical€rights;€and€ÌÌConsidering€that€the€Third€Special€Inter-American€Conference€(Buenos€Aires,€1967)€approvedÏthe€incorporation€into€the€Charter€of€the€Organization€itself€of€broader€standards€with€respect€toÏeconomic,€social,€and€educational€rights€and€resolved€that€an€inter-American€convention€onÏhuman€rights€should€determine€the€structure,€competence,€and€procedure€of€the€organsÏresponsible€for€these€matters,€ÌÌHave€agreed€upon€the€following:ÌÌÔ‡ RX!XXz´ÔÔ‡  RX!! RXÔPART€I:€€STATE€OBLIGATIONS€AND€RIGHTS€PROTECTED€Ð :'Š"$ ÐÌÔ#† Xz´X! RX #ÔÔ‡ ¼ì»X Xz´ÔÔ#†¼ì»» ¼ì. #ÔÔ‡ ¼ì»»¼ìÔCHAPTER€I:€€GENERAL€OBLIGATIONSÔ#†¼ì»» ¼ìø #ÔÔ#†Xz´X»¼ì¶ #ԀР¾)%& ÐÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€1.€Obligation€to€Respect€Rights€ÌÌ1.The€States€Parties€to€this€Convention€undertake€to€respect€the€rights€and€freedoms€recognizedÐ ¦-ö(* Ðherein€and€to€ensure€to€all€persons€subject€to€their€jurisdiction€the€free€and€full€exercise€of€thoseÏrights€and€freedoms,€without€any€discrimination€for€reasons€of€race,€color,€sex,€language,Ïreligion,€political€or€other€opinion,€national€or€social€origin,€economic€status,€birth,€or€any€otherÏsocial€condition.ÌÌ€€€2.For€the€purposes€of€this€Convention,€"person"€means€every€human€being.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€2.€Domestic€Legal€Effects€ÌÌWhere€the€exercise€of€any€of€the€rights€or€freedoms€referred€to€in€Article€1€is€not€already€ensuredÏby€legislative€orñþñ€ñþññÿñÌñÿñother€provisions,€the€States€Parties€undertake€to€adopt,€in€accordance€with€theirÏconstitutional€processes€and€theññ€ññññÌññprovisions€of€this€Convention,€such€legislative€or€other€measuresÏas€may€be€necessary€to€give€effect€to€those€rights€orññ€ññññÌññfreedoms.€ÌÌÔ‡¼ì»XXz´ÔÔ‡ ¼ì»»¼ìÔCHAPTER€II:€CIVIL€AND€POLITICAL€RIGHTSÔ#†¼ì»» ¼ìá#ÔÔ#†Xz´X»¼ìÂ#ԀРР ÐÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€3.€Right€to€Juridical€Personality€ÌÌEvery€person€has€the€right€to€recognition€as€a€person€before€the€law.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€4.€Right€to€Life€ÌÌ€€€1.Every€person€has€the€right€to€have€his€life€respected.€This€right€shall€be€protected€by€law€and,Ïin€general,€from€the€moment€of€conception.€No€one€shall€be€arbitrarily€deprived€of€his€life.ÌÌ€€€2.In€countries€that€have€not€abolished€the€death€penalty,€it€may€be€imposed€only€for€the€mostÏserious€crimes€and€pursuant€to€a€final€judgment€rendered€by€a€competent€court€and€in€accordanceÏwith€a€law€establishing€such€punishment,€enacted€prior€to€the€commission€of€the€crime.€TheÏapplication€of€such€punishment€shall€not€be€extended€to€crimes€to€which€it€does€not€presentlyÏapply.ÌÌ€€€3.The€death€penalty€shall€not€be€reestablished€in€states€that€have€abolished€it.ÌÌ€€€4.In€no€case€shall€capital€punishment€be€inflicted€for€political€offenses€or€related€commonÏcrimes.ÌÌ€€€5.Capital€punishment€shall€not€be€imposed€upon€persons€who,€at€the€time€the€crime€wasÏcommitted,€were€under€18€years€of€age€or€over€70€years€of€age;€nor€shall€it€be€applied€to€pregnantÏwomen.ÌÌ€€€6.Every€person€condemned€to€death€shall€have€the€right€to€apply€for€amnesty,€pardon,€orÏcommutation€of€sentence,€which€may€be€granted€in€all€cases.€Capital€punishment€shall€not€beÏimposed€while€such€a€petition€is€pending€decision€by€the€competent€authority.ÌÐ (-x(+ Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€5.€Right€to€Humane€Treatment€ÌÌ€€€1.Every€person€has€the€right€to€have€his€physical,€mental,€and€moral€integrity€respected.ÌÌ€€€2.No€one€shall€be€subjected€to€torture€or€to€cruel,€inhuman,€or€degrading€punishment€orÏtreatment.€All€persons€deprived€of€their€liberty€shall€be€treated€with€respect€for€the€inherentÏdignity€of€the€human€person.ÌÌ€€€3.Punishment€shall€not€be€extended€to€any€person€other€than€the€criminal.ÌÌ€€€4.Accused€persons€shall,€save€in€exceptional€circumstances,€be€segregated€from€convictedÏpersons,€and€shall€be€subject€to€separate€treatment€appropriate€to€their€status€as€¢unconvicted£Ïpersons.€ÌÌ€€€5.Minors€while€subject€to€criminal€proceedings€shall€be€separated€from€adults€and€broughtÏbefore€specialized€tribunals,€as€speedily€as€possible,€so€that€they€may€be€treated€in€accordanceÏwith€their€status€as€minors.ÌÌ€€€6.Punishments€consisting€of€deprivation€of€liberty€shall€have€as€an€essential€aim€the€reform€andÏsocial€¢readaptation£€of€the€prisoners.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€6.€Freedom€from€Slavery€ÌÌ€€€1.No€one€shall€be€subject€to€slavery€or€to€involuntary€servitude,€which€are€prohibited€in€all€theirÏforms,€as€are€the€slave€trade€and€traffic€in€women.ÌÌ€€€2.No€one€shall€be€required€to€perform€forced€or€compulsory€labor.€This€provision€shall€not€beÏinterpreted€to€mean€that,€in€those€countries€in€which€the€penalty€established€for€certain€crimes€isÏdeprivation€of€liberty€at€forced€labor,€the€carrying€out€of€such€a€sentence€imposed€by€a€competentÏcourt€is€prohibited.€Forced€labor€shall€not€adversely€affect€the€dignity€or€the€physical€orÏintellectual€capacity€of€the€prisoner.ÌÌ€€€3.For€the€purposes€of€this€article,€the€following€do€not€constitute€forced€or€compulsory€labor:ÌÌ€€€€€€€€1.work€or€service€normally€required€of€a€person€imprisoned€in€execution€of€a€sentence€orÏformal€decision€passed€by€the€competent€judicial€authority.€Such€work€or€service€shall€be€carriedÏout€under€the€supervision€and€control€of€public€authorities,€and€any€persons€performing€suchÏwork€or€service€shall€not€be€placed€at€the€disposal€of€any€private€party,€company,€or€juridicalÏperson;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€2.military€service€and,€in€countries€in€which€conscientious€objectors€are€recognized,€nationalÏservice€that€the€law€may€provide€for€in€lieu€of€military€service;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€3.service€exacted€in€time€of€danger€or€calamity€that€threatens€the€existence€or€the€well-beingÏof€the€community;€orÐ ð-@), Ї€€€€€€€€4.work€or€service€that€forms€part€of€normal€civic€obligations.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€7.€Right€to€Personal€Liberty€ÌÌ€€€1.Every€person€has€the€right€to€personal€liberty€and€security.ÌÌ€€€2.No€one€shall€be€deprived€of€his€physical€liberty€except€for€the€reasons€and€under€theÏconditions€established€beforehand€by€the€constitution€of€the€State€Party€concerned€or€by€a€lawÏestablished€pursuant€thereto.ÌÌ€€€3.No€one€shall€be€subject€to€arbitrary€arrest€or€imprisonment.ÌÌ€€€4.Anyone€who€is€detained€shall€be€informed€of€the€reasons€for€his€detention€and€shall€beÏpromptly€notified€of€the€charge€or€charges€against€him.ÌÌ€€€5.Any€person€detained€shall€be€brought€promptly€before€a€judge€or€other€officer€authorized€byÏlaw€to€exercise€judicial€power€and€shall€be€entitled€to€trial€within€a€reasonable€time€or€to€beÏreleased€without€prejudice€to€the€continuation€of€the€proceedings.€His€release€may€be€subject€toÏguarantees€to€assure€his€appearance€for€trial.ÌÌ€€€6.Anyone€who€is€deprived€of€his€liberty€shall€be€entitled€to€recourse€to€a€competent€court,€inÏorder€that€the€court€may€decide€without€delay€on€the€lawfulness€of€his€arrest€or€detention€andÏorder€his€release€if€the€arrest€or€detention€is€unlawful.€In€States€Parties€whose€laws€provide€thatÏanyone€who€believes€himself€to€be€threatened€with€deprivation€of€his€liberty€is€entitled€toÏrecourse€to€a€competent€court€in€order€that€it€may€decide€on€the€lawfulness€of€such€threat,€thisÏremedy€may€not€be€restricted€or€abolished.€The€interested€party€or€another€person€in€his€behalf€isÏentitled€to€seek€these€remedies.ÌÌ€€€7.No€one€shall€be€detained€for€debt.€This€principle€shall€not€limit€the€orders€of€a€competentÏjudicial€authority€issued€for€nonfulfillment€of€duties€of€support.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€8.€Right€to€a€Fair€Trial€ÌÌ€€€1.Every€person€has€the€right€to€a€hearing,€with€due€guarantees€and€within€a€reasonable€time,€byÏa€competent,€independent,€and€impartial€tribunal,€previously€established€by€law,€in€theÏsubstantiation€of€any€accusation€of€a€criminal€nature€made€against€him€or€for€the€determinationÏof€his€rights€and€obligations€of€a€civil,€labor,€fiscal,€or€any€other€nature.ÌÌ€€€2.Every€person€accused€of€a€criminal€offense€has€the€right€to€be€presumed€innocent€so€long€asÏhis€guilt€has€not€been€proven€according€to€law.€During€the€proceedings,€every€person€is€entitled,Ïwith€full€equality,€to€the€following€minimum€guarantees:ÌÌ€€€€€€€€1.the€right€of€the€accused€to€be€assisted€without€charge€by€a€translator€or€interpreter,€if€heÏdoes€not€understand€or€does€not€speak€the€language€of€the€tribunal€or€court;ÌÐ ð-@), Ѐ€€€€€€€2.prior€notification€in€detail€to€the€accused€of€the€charges€against€him;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€3.adequate€time€and€means€for€the€preparation€of€his€defense;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€4.the€right€of€the€accused€to€defend€himself€personally€or€to€be€assisted€by€legal€counsel€ofÏhis€own€choosing,€and€to€communicate€freely€and€privately€with€his€counsel;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€5.the€inalienable€right€to€be€assisted€by€counsel€provided€by€the€state,€paid€or€not€as€theÏdomestic€law€provides,€if€the€accused€does€not€defend€himself€personally€or€engage€his€ownÏcounsel€within€the€time€period€established€by€law;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€6.the€right€of€the€defense€to€examine€witnesses€present€in€the€court€and€to€obtain€theÏappearance,€as€witnesses,€of€experts€or€other€persons€who€may€throw€light€on€the€facts;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€7.the€right€not€to€be€compelled€to€be€a€witness€against€himself€or€to€plead€guilty;€andÌÌ€€€€€€€€8.the€right€to€appeal€the€judgment€to€a€higher€court.ÌÌ€€€3.A€confession€of€guilt€by€the€accused€shall€be€valid€only€if€it€is€made€without€coercion€of€anyÏkind.ÌÌ€€€4.An€accused€person€acquitted€by€a€¢nonappealable£€judgment€shall€not€be€subjected€to€a€newÏtrial€for€the€same€cause.ÌÌ€€€5.Criminal€proceedings€shall€be€public,€except€insofar€as€may€be€necessary€to€protect€theÏinterests€of€justice.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€9.€Freedom€from€Ex€Post€Facto€Laws€ÌÌNo€one€shall€be€convicted€of€any€act€or€omission€that€did€not€constitute€a€criminal€offense,€underÏthe€applicable€law,€at€the€time€it€was€committed.€A€heavier€penalty€shall€not€be€imposed€than€theÏone€that€was€applicable€at€the€time€the€criminal€offense€was€committed.€If€subsequent€to€theÏcommission€of€the€offense€the€law€provides€for€the€imposition€of€a€lighter€punishment,€the€guiltyÏperson€shall€benefit€therefrom.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€10.€Right€to€Compensation€ÌÌEvery€person€has€the€right€to€be€compensated€in€accordance€with€the€law€in€the€event€he€has€beenÏsentenced€by€a€final€judgment€through€a€miscarriage€of€justice.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€11.€Right€to€Privacy€ÌÌ€€€1.Everyone€has€the€right€to€have€his€honor€respected€and€his€dignity€recognized.ÌÌ€€€2.No€one€may€be€the€object€of€arbitrary€or€abusive€interference€with€his€private€life,€his€family,Ð ð-@), Ðhis€home,€or€his€correspondence,€or€of€unlawful€attacks€on€his€honor€or€reputation.ÌÌ€€€3.Everyone€has€the€right€to€the€protection€of€the€law€against€such€interference€or€attacks.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€12.€Freedom€of€Conscience€and€Religion€ÌÌ€€€1.Everyone€has€the€right€to€freedom€of€conscience€and€of€religion.€This€right€includes€freedomÏto€maintain€or€to€change€one's€religion€or€beliefs,€and€freedom€to€profess€or€disseminate€one'sÏreligion€or€beliefs,€either€individually€or€together€with€others,€in€public€or€in€private.ÌÌ€€€2.No€one€shall€be€subject€to€restrictions€that€might€impair€his€freedom€to€maintain€or€to€changeÏhis€religion€or€beliefs.ÌÌ€€€3.Freedom€to€manifest€one's€religion€and€beliefs€may€be€subject€only€to€the€limitationsÏprescribed€by€law€that€are€necessary€to€protect€public€safety,€order,€health,€or€morals,€or€theÏrights€or€freedoms€of€others.ÌÌ€€€4.Parents€or€guardians,€as€the€case€may€be,€have€the€right€to€provide€for€the€religious€and€moralÏeducation€of€their€children€or€wards€that€is€in€accord€with€their€own€convictions.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€13.€Freedom€of€Thought€and€Expression€ÌÌ€€€1.Everyone€has€the€right€to€freedom€of€thought€and€expression.€This€right€includes€freedom€toÏseek,€receive,€and€impart€information€and€ideas€of€all€kinds,€regardless€of€frontiers,€either€orally,Ïin€writing,€in€print,€in€the€form€of€art,€or€through€any€other€medium€of€one's€choice.ÌÌ€€€2.The€exercise€of€the€right€provided€for€in€the€foregoing€paragraph€shall€not€be€subject€to€priorÏcensorship€but€shall€be€subject€to€subsequent€imposition€of€liability,€which€shall€be€expresslyÏestablished€by€law€to€the€extent€necessary€to€ensure:ÌÌ€€€€€€€€1.respect€for€the€rights€or€reputations€of€others;€orÌÌ€€€€€€€€2.the€protection€of€national€security,€public€order,€or€public€health€or€morals.ÌÌ€€€3.The€right€of€expression€may€not€be€restricted€by€indirect€methods€or€means,€such€as€the€abuseÏof€government€or€private€controls€over€newsprint,€radio€broadcasting€frequencies,€or€equipmentÏused€in€the€dissemination€of€information,€or€by€any€other€means€tending€to€impede€theÏcommunication€and€circulation€of€ideas€and€opinions.ÌÌ€€€4.Notwithstanding€the€provisions€of€paragraph€2€above,€public€entertainments€may€be€subjectÏby€law€to€prior€censorship€for€the€sole€purpose€of€regulating€access€to€them€for€the€moralÏprotection€of€childhood€and€€adolescence.ÌÌ€€€5.Any€propaganda€for€war€and€any€advocacy€of€national,€racial,€or€religious€hatred€thatÏconstitute€incitements€to€lawless€violence€or€to€any€other€similar€action€against€any€person€orÐ ð-@), Ðgroup€of€persons€on€any€grounds€including€those€of€race,€color,€religion,€language,€or€nationalÏorigin€shall€be€considered€as€offenses€punishable€by€law.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€14.€Right€of€Reply€ÌÌ€€€1.Anyone€injured€by€inaccurate€or€offensive€statements€or€ideas€disseminated€to€the€public€inÏgeneral€by€a€legally€regulated€medium€of€communication€has€the€right€to€reply€or€to€make€aÏcorrection€using€the€same€communications€outlet,€under€such€conditions€as€the€law€mayÏestablish.ÌÌ€€€2.The€correction€or€reply€shall€not€in€any€case€remit€other€legal€liabilities€that€may€have€beenÏincurred.ÌÌ€€€3.For€the€effective€protection€of€honor€and€reputation,€every€publisher,€and€every€newspaper,Ïmotion€picture,€radio,€and€television€company,€shall€have€a€person€responsible€who€is€notÏprotected€by€immunities€or€special€privileges.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€15.€Right€of€Assembly€ÌÌThe€right€of€peaceful€assembly,€without€arms,€is€recognized.€No€restrictions€may€be€placed€onÏthe€exercise€of€this€right€other€than€those€imposed€in€conformity€with€the€law€and€necessary€in€aÏdemocratic€society€in€the€interest€of€national€security,€public€safety€or€public€order,€or€to€protectÏpublic€health€or€morals€or€the€rights€or€freedom€of€others.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€16.€Freedom€of€Association€ÌÌ€€€1.Everyone€has€the€right€to€associate€freely€for€ideological,€religious,€political,€economic,Ïlabor,€social,€cultural,€sports,€or€other€purposes.ÌÌ€€€2.The€exercise€of€this€right€shall€be€subject€only€to€such€restrictions€established€by€law€as€mayÏbe€necessary€in€a€democratic€society,€in€the€interest€of€national€security,€public€safety€or€publicÏorder,€or€to€protect€public€health€or€morals€or€the€rights€and€freedoms€of€others.ÌÌ€€€3.The€provisions€of€this€article€do€not€bar€the€imposition€of€legal€restrictions,€including€evenÏdeprivation€of€the€exercise€of€the€right€of€association,€on€members€of€the€armed€forces€and€theÏpolice.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€17.€Rights€of€the€Family€ÌÌ€€€1.The€family€is€the€natural€and€fundamental€group€unit€of€society€and€is€entitled€to€protectionÏby€society€and€the€state.ÌÌ€€€2.The€right€of€men€and€women€of€marriageable€age€to€marry€and€to€raise€a€family€shall€beÏrecognized,€if€they€meet€the€conditions€required€by€domestic€laws,€insofar€as€such€conditions€doÏnot€affect€the€principle€of€nondiscrimination€established€in€this€Convention.Ð ð-@), Ї€€€3.No€marriage€shall€be€entered€into€without€the€free€and€full€consent€of€the€intending€spouses.ÌÌ€€€4.The€States€Parties€shall€take€appropriate€steps€to€ensure€the€equality€of€rights€and€theÏadequate€balancing€of€responsibilities€of€the€spouses€as€to€marriage,€during€marriage,€and€in€theÏevent€of€its€dissolution.€In€case€of€dissolution,€provision€shall€be€made€for€the€necessaryÏprotection€of€any€children€solely€on€the€basis€of€their€own€best€interests.ÌÌ€€€5.The€law€shall€recognize€equal€rights€for€children€born€out€of€wedlock€and€those€born€inÏwedlock.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€18.€Right€to€a€Name€ÌÌEvery€person€has€the€right€to€a€given€name€and€to€the€surnames€of€his€parents€or€that€of€one€ofÏthem.€The€law€shall€regulate€the€manner€in€which€this€right€shall€be€ensured€for€all,€by€the€use€ofÏassumed€names€if€necessary.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€19.€Rights€of€the€Child€ÌÌEvery€minor€child€has€the€right€to€the€measures€of€protection€required€by€his€condition€as€a€minorÏon€the€part€of€his€family,€society,€and€the€state.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€20.€Right€to€Nationality€ÌÌ€€€1.Every€person€has€the€right€to€a€nationality.ÌÌ€€€2.Every€person€has€the€right€to€the€nationality€of€the€state€in€whose€territory€he€was€born€if€heÏdoes€not€have€theñÔñ€ñÔññÕñÌ€€€€€ñÕñright€to€any€other€nationality.ÌÌ€€€3.No€one€shall€be€arbitrarily€deprived€of€his€nationality€or€of€the€right€to€change€it.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€21.€Right€to€Property€ÌÌ€€€1.Everyone€has€the€right€to€the€use€and€enjoyment€of€his€property.€The€law€may€subordinateÏsuch€use€andñÖñ€ñÖññ×ñÌ€€€€€ñ×ñenjoyment€to€the€interest€of€society.ÌÌ€€€2.No€one€shall€be€deprived€of€his€property€except€upon€payment€of€just€compensation,€forÏreasons€of€publicñØñ€œñØññÙñÌ€€€€€ñÙñutility›€or€social€interest,€and€in€the€cases€and€according€to€the€forms€establishedÏby€law.ÌÌ€€€3.Usury€and€any€other€form€of€exploitation€of€man€by€man€shall€be€prohibited€by€law.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€22.€Freedom€of€Movement€and€Residence€ÌÌ€€€1.Every€person€lawfully€in€the€territory€of€a€State€Party€has€the€right€to€move€about€in€it,€and€toÏreside€in€itñÚñ€ñÚññÛñÌ€€€€€ñÛñsubject€to€the€provisions€of€the€law.Ð ð-@), Ї€€€2.Every€person€has€the€right€lo€leave€any€country€freely,€including€his€own.ÌÌ€€€3.The€exercise€of€the€foregoing€rights€may€be€restricted€only€pursuant€to€a€law€to€the€extentÏnecessary€in€añÜñ€ñÜññÝñÌ€€€€€ñÝñdemocratic€society€to€prevent€crime€or€to€protect€national€security,€public€safety,Ïpublic€order,€public€morals,ñÞñ€ñÞññßñÌ€€€€€ñßñpublic€health,€or€the€rights€or€freedoms€of€others.ÌÌ€€€4.The€exercise€of€the€rights€recognized€in€paragraph€1€may€also€be€restricted€by€law€inÏdesignated€zones€forñàñ€ñàññáñÌ€€€€€ñáñreasons€of€public€interest.ÌÌ€€€5.No€one€can€be€expelled€from€the€territory€of€the€state€of€which€he€is€a€national€or€be€deprivedÏof€the€right€toñâñ€ñâññãñÌ€€€€€ñãñenter€it.ÌÌ€€€6.An€alien€lawfully€in€the€territory€of€a€State€Party€to€this€Convention€may€be€expelled€from€itÏonly€pursuant€to€añäñ€ñäññåñÌ€€€€€ñåñdecision€reached€in€accordance€with€law.ÌÌ€€€7.Every€person€has€the€right€to€seek€and€be€granted€asylum€in€a€foreign€territory,€in€accordanceÏwith€theñæñ€ñæññçñÌ€€€€€ñçñlegislation€of€the€state€and€international€conventions,€in€the€event€he€is€being€pursued€forÏpolitical€offenses€orñèñ€ñèññéñÌ€€€€€ñéñrelated€common€crimes.ÌÌ€€€8.In€no€case€may€an€alien€be€deported€or€returned€to€a€country,€regardless€of€whether€or€not€it€isÏhis€country€ofñêñ€ñêññëñÌ€€€€€ñëñorigin,€if€in€that€country€his€right€to€life€or€personal€freedom€is€in€danger€of€beingÏviolated€because€of€his€race,ñìñ€ñìññíñÌ€€€€€ñíñnationality,€religion,€social€status,€or€political€opinions.ÌÌ€€€9.The€collective€expulsion€of€aliens€is€prohibited.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€23.€Right€to€Participate€in€Government€ÌÌ€€€1.Every€citizen€shall€enjoy€the€following€rights€and€opportunities:ÌÌ€€€€€€€€1.to€take€part€in€the€conduct€of€public€affairs,€directly€or€through€freely€chosenÏrepresentatives;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€2.to€vote€and€to€be€elected€in€genuine€periodic€elections,€which€shall€be€by€universal€andÏequal€suffrageñîñ€ñîññïñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñïñand€by€secret€ballot€that€guarantees€the€free€expression€of€the€will€of€the€voters;ÏandÌÌ€€€€€€€€3.to€have€access,€under€general€conditions€of€equality,€to€the€public€service€of€his€country.ÌÌ€€€2.The€law€may€regulate€the€exercise€of€the€rights€and€opportunities€referred€to€in€the€precedingÏparagraph€onlyñðñ€ñðññññÌ€€€€€ñññon€the€basis€of€age,€nationality,€residence,€language,€education,€civil€and€mentalÏcapacity,€or€sentencing€by€añòñ€ñòññóñÌ€€€€€ñóñcompetent€court€in€criminal€proceedings.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€24.€Right€to€Equal€Protection€ÌÌAll€persons€are€equal€before€the€law.€Consequently,€they€are€entitled,€without€discrimination,€toÐ ð-@), Ðequal€protection€ofñôñ€ñôññõñÌñõñthe€law.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€25.€Right€to€Judicial€Protection€ÌÌ€€€1.Everyone€has€the€right€to€simple€and€prompt€recourse,€or€any€other€effective€recourse,€to€aÏcompetent€courtñöñ€ñöññ÷ñÌ€€€€€ñ÷ñor€tribunal€for€protection€against€acts€that€violate€his€fundamental€rightsÏrecognized€by€the€constitution€or€lawsñøñ€ñøññùñÌ€€€€€ñùñof€the€state€concerned€or€by€this€Convention,€even€thoughÏsuch€violation€may€have€been€committed€byñúñ€ñúññûñÌ€€€€€ñûñpersons€acting€in€the€course€of€their€official€duties.ÌÌ€€€2.The€States€Parties€undertake:ÌÌ€€€€€€€€1.to€ensure€that€any€person€claiming€such€remedy€shall€have€his€rights€determined€by€theÏcompetentñüñ€ñüññýñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñýñauthority€provided€for€by€the€legal€system€of€the€state;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€2.to€develop€the€possibilities€of€judicial€remedy;€andÌÌ€€€€€€€€3.to€ensure€that€the€competent€authorities€shall€enforce€such€remedies€when€granted.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€IIIÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ECONOMIC,€SOCIAL,€AND€CULTURAL€RIGHTS€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€26.€Progressive€Development€ÌÌThe€States€Parties€undertake€to€adopt€measures,€both€internally€and€through€internationalÏcooperation,€especiallyññ€ññññÌññthose€of€an€economic€and€technical€nature,€with€a€view€to€achievingÏprogressively,€by€legislation€or€other€appropriateññ€ññññÌññmeans,€the€full€realization€of€the€rights€implicitÏin€the€economic,€social,€educational,€scientific,€and€cultural€standardsññ€ñññ ñÌñ ñset€forth€in€the€Charter€ofÏthe€Organization€of€American€States€as€amended€by€the€Protocol€of€Buenos€Aires.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€IVÌ€€€€€€€€€€€SUSPENSION€OF€GUARANTEES,€INTERPRETATION,€AND€APPLICATION€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€27.€Suspension€of€Guarantees€ÌÌ€€€1.In€time€of€war,€public€danger,€or€other€emergency€that€threatens€the€independence€or€securityÏof€a€Stateñ ñ€ñ ññ ñÌ€€€€€ñ ñParty,€it€may€take€measures€derogating€from€its€obligations€under€the€presentÏConvention€to€the€extent€and€forñ ñ€ñ ññ ñÌ€€€€€ñ ñthe€period€of€time€strictly€required€by€the€exigencies€of€theÏsituation,€provided€that€such€measures€are€notññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññinconsistent€with€its€other€obligations€underÏinternational€law€and€do€not€involve€discrimination€on€the€groundññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññof€race,€color,€sex,€language,Ïreligion,€or€social€origin.ÌÌ€€€2.The€foregoing€provision€does€not€authorize€any€suspension€of€the€following€articles:€Article€3Ï(Right€toññ€ññññÌ€€€€€JññññJññuridical€Personality),€Article€4€(Right€to€Life),€Article€5€(Right€to€Humane€Treatment),ÏArticle€6€(Freedomññ€ññññÌ€€€€€fññññfññrom€Slavery),€Article€9€(Freedom€from€Ex€Post€Facto€Laws),€Article€12Ï(Freedom€of€Conscience€andññ€ññññÐ ð-@), Ѐ€€€€ññReligion),€Article€17€(Rights€of€the€Family),€Article€18€(Right€to€aÐ ð-@), ÐName),€Article€19€(Rights€of€the€Child),Ì€€€€€Article€20€(Right€to€Nationality),€and€Article€23€(Right€to€Participate€in€Government),€or€ofÏthe€judicialññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññguarantees€essential€for€the€protection€of€such€rights.ÌÌ€€€3.Any€State€Party€availing€itself€of€the€right€of€suspension€shall€immediately€inform€the€otherÏStates€Parties,ññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññthrough€the€Secretary€General€of€the€Organization€of€American€States,€of€theÏprovisions€the€application€ofññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññwhich€it€has€suspended,€the€reasons€that€gave€rise€to€the€suspension,Ïand€the€date€set€for€the€termination€ofñ ñ€ñ ññ!ñÌ€€€€€ñ!ñsuch€suspension.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€28.€Federal€Clause€ÌÌ€€€1.Where€a€State€Party€is€constituted€as€a€federal€state,€the€national€government€of€such€StateÏParty€shallñ"ñ€ñ"ññ#ñÌ€€€€€ñ#ñimplement€all€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€over€whose€subject€matter€it€exercisesñ$ñÏñ$ññ%ñÏñ%ñlegislative€and€judicialñ&ñ€ñ&ññ'ñÌ€€€€€ñ'ñjurisdiction.ÌÌ€€€2.With€respect€to€the€provisions€over€whose€subject€matter€the€constituent€units€of€the€federalÏstate€haveñ(ñ€ñ(ññ)ñÌ€€€€€ñ)ñjurisdiction,€the€national€government€shall€immediately€take€suitable€measures,€inÏaccordance€with€itsñ*ñ€ñ*ññ+ñÌ€€€€€ñ+ñconstitution€and€its€laws,€to€the€end€that€the€competent€authorities€of€theÏconstituent€units€may€adoptñ,ñ€ñ,ññ-ñÌ€€€€€ñ-ñappropriate€provisions€for€the€fulfillment€of€this€Convention.ÌÌ€€€3.Whenever€two€or€more€States€Parties€agree€to€form€a€federation€or€other€type€of€association,Ïthey€shall€takeñ.ñ€ñ.ññ/ñÌ€€€€€ñ/ñcare€that€the€resulting€federal€or€other€compact€contains€the€provisions€necessaryÏfor€continuing€and€renderingñ0ñ€ñ0ññ1ñÌ€€€€€ñ1ñeffective€the€standards€of€this€Convention€in€the€new€state€that€isÏorganized.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€29.€Restrictions€Regarding€Interpretation€ÌÌNo€provision€of€this€Convention€shall€be€interpreted€as:€ÌÌ€€€1.permitting€any€State€Party,€group,€or€person€to€suppress€the€enjoyment€or€exercise€of€theÏrights€and€freedomsñ2ñ€ñ2ññ3ñÌ€€€€€ñ3ñrecognized€in€this€Convention€or€to€restrict€them€to€a€greater€extent€than€isÏprovided€for€herein;ÌÌ€€€2.restricting€the€enjoyment€or€exercise€of€any€right€or€freedom€recognized€by€virtue€of€the€lawsÏof€any€Stateñ4ñ€ñ4ññ5ñÌ€€€€€ñ5ñParty€or€by€virtue€of€another€convention€to€which€one€of€the€said€states€is€a€party;ÌÌ€€€3.precluding€other€rights€or€guarantees€that€are€inherent€in€the€human€personality€or€derivedÏfrom€representativeñ6ñ€ñ6ññ7ñÌ€€€€€ñ7ñdemocracy€as€a€form€of€government;€orÌÌ€€€4.excluding€or€limiting€the€effect€that€the€American€Declaration€of€the€Rights€and€Duties€ofÏMan€and€otherñ8ñ€œñ8ññ9ñÌ€€€€€ñ9ñinternational›€acts€of€the€same€nature€may€have.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€30.€Scope€of€Restrictions€ÌÌœThe€restrictions€that,€pursuant€to€this€Convention,€may€be€placed€on€the€enjoyment€or€exercise€›ofÐ ð-@), Ðthe€rights€orñ:ñ€ñ:ññ;ñÌñ;ñfreedoms€recognized€herein€may€not€be€applied€except€in€accordance€with€lawsÏenacted€for€reasons€of€generalñ<ñ€ñ<ññ=ñÌiñ=ññ>ñiñ>ñnterest€and€in€accordance€with€the€purpose€for€which€suchÏrestrictions€have€been€established.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€31.€Recognition€of€Other€Rights€ÌÌOther€rights€and€freedoms€recognized€in€accordance€with€the€procedures€established€in€ArticlesÏ76€and€77€may€beñ?ñ€ñ?ññ@ñÌiñ@ññAñiñAñncluded€in€the€system€of€protection€of€this€Convention.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€VÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PERSONAL€RESPONSIBILITIES€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€32.€Relationship€between€Duties€and€Rights€ÌÌ€€€1.Every€person€has€responsibilities€to€his€family,€his€community,€and€mankind.ÌÌ€€€2.The€rights€of€each€person€are€limited€by€the€rights€of€others,€by€the€security€of€all,€and€by€theÏjust€demands€ofñBñ€ñBññCñÌ€€€€€ñCñthe€general€welfare,€in€a€democratic€society.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PART€IIÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€MEANS€OF€PROTECTION€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€VIÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€COMPETENT€ORGANS€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€33€ÌÌThe€following€organs€shall€have€competence€with€respect€to€matters€relating€to€the€fulfillment€ofÏthe€commitmentsñDñ€ñDññEñÌmañEññFñmañFñde€by€the€States€Parties€to€this€Convention:€ÌÌ€€€1.the€Inter-American€Commission€on€Human€Rights,€referred€to€as€"The€Commission;"€andÌÌ€€€2.the€Inter-American€Court€of€Human€Rights,€referred€to€as€"The€Court."ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€VIIÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€INTER-AMERICAN€COMMISSION€ON€HUMAN€RIGHTS€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€1.€Organization€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€34€ÌÌThe€Inter-American€Commission€on€Human€Rights€shall€be€composed€of€seven€members,€whoÏshall€be€persons€ofñGñ€œñGññHññGñ\ñGñÌñHñhigh›€moral€character€and€recognized€competence€in€the€field€of€human€rights.€ÌÌœ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€35€›Ð ð-@), ЇThe€Commission€shall€represent€all€the€member€countries€of€the€Organization€of€AmericanÏStates.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€36€ÌÌ€€€1.The€members€of€the€Commission€shall€be€elected€in€a€personal€capacity€by€the€GeneralÏAssembly€of€theñIñ€ñIññJñÌ€€€€€ñJñOrganization€from€a€list€of€candidates€proposed€by€the€governments€of€theÏmember€states.ÌÌ€€€2.Each€of€those€governments€may€propose€up€to€three€candidates,€who€may€be€nationals€of€theÏstatesñKñ€ñKññLñÌ€€€€€ñLñproposing€them€or€of€any€other€member€state€of€the€Organization€of€American€States.ÏWhen€a€slate€of€three€isñMñ€ñMññNñÌ€€€€€ñNñproposed,€at€least€one€of€the€candidates€shall€be€a€national€of€a€state€otherÏthan€the€one€proposing€the€slate.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€37€ÌÌ€€€1.The€members€of€the€Commission€shall€be€elected€for€a€term€of€four€years€and€may€beÏreelected€only€once,€butñOñ€ñOññPñÌ€€€€€ñPñthe€terms€of€three€of€the€members€chosen€in€the€first€election€shall€expireÏat€the€end€of€two€years.€ImmediatelyñQñ€ñQññRñÌ€€€€€ñRñfollowing€that€election€the€General€Assembly€shallÏdetermine€the€names€of€those€three€members€by€lot.ÌÌ€€€2.No€two€nationals€of€the€same€state€may€be€members€of€the€Commission.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€38€ÌÌVacancies€that€may€occur€on€the€Commission€for€reasons€other€than€the€normal€expiration€of€aÏterm€shall€be€filled€byñSñ€ñSññTñÌtñTññUñtñUñhe€Permanent€Council€of€the€Organization€in€accordance€with€theÏprovisions€of€the€Statute€of€the€Commission.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€39€ÌÌThe€Commission€shall€prepare€its€Statute,€which€it€shall€submit€to€the€General€Assembly€forÏapproval.€It€shallñVñ€ñVññWñÌñWñestablish€its€own€Regulations.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€40€ÌÌSecretariat€services€for€the€Commission€shall€be€furnished€by€the€appropriate€specialized€unit€ofÏthe€GeneralñXñ€ñXññYñÌñYñSecretariat€of€the€Organization.€This€unit€shall€be€provided€with€the€resourcesÏrequired€to€accomplish€the€tasksñZñ€ñZññ[ñÌñ[ñassigned€to€it€by€the€Commission.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€2.€Functions€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€41€ÌÌThe€main€function€of€the€Commission€shall€be€to€promote€respect€for€and€defense€of€humanÐ ð-@), Ðrights.€In€the€exercise€ofñ\ñ€ñ\ññ]ñÌñ]ñits€mandate,€it€shall€have€the€following€functions€and€powers:€ÌÌ€€€1.to€develop€an€awareness€of€human€rights€among€the€peoples€of€America;ÌÌ€€€2.to€make€recommendations€to€the€governments€of€the€member€states,€when€it€considers€suchÏaction€advisable,ñ^ñ€ñ^ññ_ñÌ€€€€€ñ_ñfor€the€adoption€of€progressive€measures€in€favor€of€human€rights€within€theÏframework€of€their€domestic€lawñ`ñ€ñ`ññañÌ€€€€€ñañand€constitutional€provisions€as€well€as€appropriate€measures€toÏfurther€the€observance€of€those€rights;ÌÌ€€€3.to€prepare€such€studies€or€reports€as€it€considers€advisable€in€the€performance€of€its€duties;ÌÌ€€€4.to€request€the€governments€of€the€member€states€to€supply€it€with€information€on€theÏmeasures€adopted€byñbñ€ñbññcñÌ€€€€€ñcñthem€in€matters€of€human€rights;ÌÌ€€€5.to€respond,€through€the€General€Secretariat€of€the€Organization€of€American€States,€toÏinquiries€made€by€theñdñ€ñdññeñÌ€€€€€ñeñmember€states€on€matters€related€to€human€rights€and,€within€the€limits€ofÏits€possibilities,€to€provide€thoseñfñ€ñfññgñÌ€€€€€ñgñstates€with€the€advisory€services€they€request;ÌÌ€€€6.to€take€action€on€petitions€and€other€communications€pursuant€to€its€authority€under€theÏprovisions€of€Articlesñhñ€ñhññiñÌ€€€€€ñiñ44€through€51€of€this€Convention;€andÌÌ€€€7.to€submit€an€annual€report€to€the€General€Assembly€of€the€Organization€of€American€States.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€42€ÌÌThe€States€Parties€shall€transmit€to€the€Commission€a€copy€of€each€of€the€reports€and€studies€thatÏthey€submitñjñ€ñjññkñÌñkñannually€to€the€Executive€Committees€of€the€Inter-American€Economic€and€SocialÏCouncil€andñlñ€ñlññmñ€ñmñthe€Inter-Americanñnñ€ñnññoñÌñoñCouncil€for€Education,€Science,€and€Culture,€in€their€respectiveÏfields,€so€that€the€Commission€may€watch€over€theñpñ€ñpññqñÌñqñpromotion€of€the€rights€implicit€in€theÏeconomic,€social,€educational,€scientific,€and€cultural€standards€set€forth€in€theñrñ€ñrññsñÌñsñCharter€of€theÏOrganization€of€American€States€as€amended€by€the€Protocol€of€Buenos€Aires.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€43€ÌÌThe€States€Parties€undertake€to€provide€the€Commission€with€such€information€as€it€may€requestÏof€them€as€to€theñtñ€ñtññuñÌñuñmanner€in€which€their€domestic€law€ensures€the€effective€application€of€anyÏprovisions€of€this€Convention.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€3.€Competence€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€44€ÌÌAny€person€or€group€of€persons,€or€any€¢nongovernmental£€entity€legally€recognized€in€one€orÏmore€member€states€ofñvñ€ñvññwñÌñwñthe€Organization,€may€lodge€petitions€with€the€Commission€containingÏdenunciations€or€complaints€of€violation€of€thisñxñ€ñxññyñÐ ð-@), ÐñyñConvention€by€a€State€Party.€Ð ð-@), Ї€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€45€ÌÌ€€€1.Any€State€Party€may,€when€it€deposits€its€instrument€of€ratification€of€or€adherence€to€thisÏConvention,€or€atñzñ€ñzññ{ñÌ€€€€€ñ{ñany€later€time,€declare€that€it€recognizes€the€competence€of€the€Commission€toÏreceive€and€examineñ|ñ€ñ|ññ}ñÌ€€€€€ñ}ñcommunications€in€which€a€State€Party€alleges€that€another€State€Party€hasÏcommitted€a€violation€of€a€humanñ~ñ€ñ~ñññÌ€€€€€ññright€set€forth€in€this€Convention.ÌÌ€€€2.Communications€presented€by€virtue€of€this€article€may€be€admitted€and€examined€only€ifÏthey€are€presentedñ€ñ€ñ€ñññÌ€€€€€ññby€a€State€Party€that€has€made€a€declaration€recognizing€the€aforementionedÏcompetence€of€the€Commission.ñ‚ñ€ñ‚ññƒñÌ€€€€€ñƒñThe€Commission€shall€not€admit€any€communication€against€aÏState€Party€that€has€not€made€such€añ„ñ€ñ„ññ…ñÌ€€€€€ñ…ñdeclaration.ÌÌ€€€3.A€declaration€concerning€recognition€of€competence€may€be€made€to€be€valid€for€anÏindefinite€time,€for€añ†ñ€ñ†ññ‡ñÌ€€€€€ñ‡ñspecified€period,€or€for€a€specific€case.ÌÌ€€€4.Declarations€shall€be€deposited€with€the€General€Secretariat€of€the€Organization€of€AmericanÏStates,€whichñˆñ€ñˆññ‰ñÌ€€€€€ñ‰ñshall€transmit€copies€thereof€to€the€member€states€of€that€Organization.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€46€ÌÌ€€€1.Admission€by€the€Commission€of€a€petition€or€communication€lodged€in€accordance€withÏArticles€44€or€45ñŠñ€ñŠññ‹ñÌ€€€€€ñ‹ñshall€be€subject€to€the€following€requirements:ÌÌ€€€€€€€€1.that€the€remedies€under€domestic€law€have€been€pursued€and€exhausted€in€accordanceÏwith€generallyñŒñ€ñŒñññÌ€€€€€€€€€€ññrecognized€principles€of€international€law;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€2.that€the€petition€or€communication€is€lodged€within€a€period€of€six€months€from€the€dateÏon€which€theñŽñ€ñŽñññÌ€€€€€€€€€€ññparty€alleging€violation€of€his€rights€was€notified€of€the€final€judgment;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€3.that€the€subject€of€the€petition€or€communication€is€not€pending€in€another€internationalÏproceeding€forññ€ñññ‘ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ‘ñsettlement;€andÌÌ€€€€€€€€4.that,€in€the€case€of€Article€44,€the€petition€contains€the€name,€nationality,€profession,Ïdomicile,€andñ’ñ€ñ’ññ“ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ“ñsignature€of€the€person€or€persons€or€of€the€legal€representative€of€the€entityÏlodging€the€petition.ÌÌ€€€2.The€provisions€of€paragraphs€1.a€and€1.b€of€this€article€shall€not€be€applicable€when:ÌÌ€€€€€€€€1.the€domestic€legislation€of€the€state€concerned€does€not€afford€due€process€of€law€for€theÏprotection€ofñ”ñ€ñ”ññ•ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ•ñthe€right€or€rights€that€have€allegedly€been€violated;ÌÌ€€€€€€€€2.the€party€alleging€violation€of€his€rights€has€been€denied€access€to€the€remedies€underÏdomestic€law€orñ–ñ€ñ–ññ—ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ—ñhas€been€prevented€from€exhausting€them;€orÌÌ€€€€€€€€3.there€has€been€unwarranted€delay€in€rendering€a€final€judgment€under€the€aforementionedÐ ð-@), Ðremedies.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€47€ÌÌThe€Commission€shall€consider€inadmissible€any€petition€or€communication€submitted€underÏArticles€44€or€45€if:€ÌÌ€€€1.any€of€the€requirements€indicated€in€Article€46€has€not€been€met;ÌÌ€€€2.the€petition€or€communication€does€not€state€facts€that€tend€to€establish€a€violation€of€theÏrights€guaranteed€byñ˜ñ€ñ˜ññ™ñÌ€€€€€tñ™ññšñtñšñhis€Convention;ÌÌ€€€3.the€statements€of€the€petitioner€or€of€the€state€indicate€that€the€petition€or€communication€isÏmanifestlyñ›ñ€ñ›ññœñÌ€€€€€ñœñgroundless€or€obviously€out€of€order;€orÌÌ€€€4.the€petition€or€communication€is€substantially€the€same€as€one€previously€studied€by€theÏCommission€or€byññ€ñññžñÌ€€€€€ñžñanother€international€organization.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€4.€Procedure€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€48€ÌÌ€€€1.When€the€Commission€receives€a€petition€or€communication€alleging€violation€of€any€of€theÏrights€protected€byñŸñ€ñŸññ ñÌ€€€€€ñ ñthis€Convention,€it€shall€proceed€as€follows:ÌÌ€€€€€€€€1.If€it€considers€the€petition€or€communication€admissible,€it€shall€request€information€fromÏtheñ¡ñ€ñ¡ññ¢ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ¢ñgovernment€of€the€state€indicated€as€being€responsible€for€the€alleged€violations€and€shallÏfurnish€thatñ£ñ€ñ£ññ¤ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ¤ñgovernment€a€transcript€of€the€pertinent€portions€of€the€petition€or€communication.ÏThis€information€shallñ¥ñ€ñ¥ññ¦ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ¦ñbe€submitted€within€a€reasonable€period€to€be€determined€by€theÏCommission€in€accordance€with€theñ§ñ€ñ§ññ¨ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ¨ñcircumstances€of€each€case.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€2.After€the€information€has€been€received,€or€after€the€period€established€has€elapsed€and€theÏinformationñ©ñ€ñ©ññªñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñªñhas€not€been€received,€the€Commission€shall€ascertain€whether€the€grounds€for€theÏpetition€orñ«ñ€ñ«ññ¬ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ¬ñcommunication€still€exist.€If€they€do€not,€the€Commission€shall€order€the€record€to€beÏclosed.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€3.The€Commission€may€also€declare€the€petition€or€communication€inadmissible€or€out€ofÏorder€on€theñ­ñ€ñ­ññ®ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ®ñbasis€of€information€or€evidence€subsequently€received.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€4.If€the€record€has€not€been€closed,€the€Commission€shall,€with€the€knowledge€of€the€parties,Ïexamine€theñ¯ñ€ñ¯ññ°ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ°ñmatter€set€forth€in€the€petition€or€communication€in€order€to€verify€the€facts.€IfÏnecessary€and€advisable,ñ±ñ€ñ±ññ²ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ²ñthe€Commission€shall€carry€out€an€investigation,€for€the€effectiveÏconduct€of€which€it€shall€request,€andñ³ñ€ñ³ññ´ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ´ñthe€states€concerned€shall€furnish€to€it,€all€necessaryÏfacilities.ÌÐ ð-@), Ѐ€€€€€€€5.The€Commission€may€request€the€states€concerned€to€furnish€any€pertinent€informationÏand,€if€soñ¶ñ€ñ¶ññµñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñµñrequested,€shall€hear€oral€statements€or€receive€written€statements€from€the€partiesÏconcerned.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€6.The€Commission€shall€place€itself€at€the€disposal€of€the€parties€concerned€with€a€view€toÏreaching€añ·ñÌ€€€€€€€€€ñ·ñ€friendly€settlement€of€the€matter€on€the€basis€of€respect€for€the€human€rightsÏrecognized€in€thisñ¸ñ€ñ¸ññ¹ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€ñ¹ñConvention.ÌÌ€€€2.However,€in€serious€and€urgent€cases,€only€the€presentation€of€a€petition€or€communicationÏthat€fulfills€all€theñºñ€ñºññ»ñÌ€€€€€ñ»ñformal€requirements€of€admissibility€shall€be€necessary€in€order€for€theÏCommission€to€conduct€an€investigationñ¼ñ€ñ¼ññ½ñÌ€€€€€ñ½ñwith€the€prior€consent€of€the€state€in€whose€territory€aÏviolation€has€allegedly€been€committed.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€49€ÌÌIf€a€friendly€settlement€has€been€reached€in€accordance€with€paragraph€1.f€of€Article€48,€theÏCommission€shall€drawñ¾ñ€ñ¾ññ¿ñÌñ¿ñup€a€report,€which€shall€be€transmitted€to€the€petitioner€and€to€the€StatesÏParties€to€this€Convention,€and€shall€then€beñÀñ€ñÀññÁñÌñÁñcommunicated€to€the€Secretary€General€of€theÏOrganization€of€American€States€for€publication.€This€report€shallñÂñ€ñÂññÃñÌñÃñcontain€a€brief€statement€of€theÏfacts€and€of€the€solution€reached.€If€any€party€in€the€case€so€requests,€the€fullestñÄñ€ñÄññÅñÌñÅñpossibleÏinformation€shall€be€provided€to€it.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€50€ÌÌ€€€1.If€a€settlement€is€not€reached,€the€Commission€shall,€within€the€time€limit€established€by€itsÏStatute,€draw€up€añÆñ€ñÆññÇñÌ€€€€€ñÇñreport€setting€forth€the€facts€and€stating€its€conclusions.€If€the€report,€in€wholeÏor€in€part,€does€not€representñÈñ€ñÈññÉñÌ€€€€€ñÉñthe€unanimous€agreement€of€the€members€of€the€Commission,€anyÏmember€may€attach€to€it€a€separateñÊñ€ñÊññËñÌ€€€€€ñËñopinion.€The€written€and€oral€statements€made€by€the€partiesÏin€accordance€with€paragraph€1.e€of€Article€48ñÌñ€ñÌññÍñÌ€€€€€sñÍññÎñsñÎñhall€also€be€attached€to€the€report.ÌÌ€€€2.The€report€shall€be€transmitted€to€the€states€concerned,€which€shall€not€be€at€liberty€to€publishÏit.ÌÌ€€€3.In€transmitting€the€report,€the€Commission€may€make€such€proposals€and€recommendationsÏas€it€sees€fit.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€51€ÌÌ€€€1.If,€within€a€period€of€three€months€from€the€date€of€the€transmittal€of€the€report€of€theÏCommission€to€theñÏñ€ñÏññÐñÌ€€€€€ñÐñstates€concerned,€the€matter€has€not€either€been€settled€or€submitted€by€theÏCommission€or€by€the€stateñÑñ€ñÑññÒñÌ€€€€€cñÒññÓñcñÓñoncerned€to€the€Court€and€its€jurisdiction€accepted,€the€CommissionÏmay,€by€the€vote€of€an€absoluteñÔñ€ñÔññÕñÌ€€€€€mñÕññÖñmñÖñajority€of€its€members,€set€forth€its€opinion€and€conclusionsÏconcerning€the€question€submitted€for€itsñ×ñ€ñ×ññØñÌ€€€€€cñØññÙñcñÙñonsideration.ÌÌ€€€2.Where€appropriate,€the€Commission€shall€make€pertinent€recommendations€and€shallÐ ð-@), Ðprescribe€a€periodñÚñ€ñÚññÛñÌ€€€€€ñÛñwithin€which€the€state€is€to€take€the€measures€that€are€incumbent€upon€it€toÏremedy€the€situation€examined.ÌÌ€€€3.When€the€prescribed€period€has€expired,€the€Commission€shall€decide€by€the€vote€of€anÏabsolute€majority€ofñÜñ€ñÜññÝñÌ€€€€€ñÝñits€members€whether€the€state€has€taken€adequate€measures€and€whether€toÏpublish€its€report.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€VIIIÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€INTER-AMERICAN€COURT€OF€HUMAN€RIGHTS€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€1.€Organization€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€52€ÌÌ€€€1.The€Court€shall€consist€of€seven€judges,€nationals€of€the€member€states€of€the€Organization,Ïelected€in€anñÞñ€ñÞññßñÌ€€€€€iñßññàñiñàñndividual€capacity€from€among€jurists€of€the€highest€moral€authority€and€ofÏrecognized€competence€in€the€fieldñáñ€ñáññâñÌ€€€€€ñâñof€human€rights,€who€possess€the€qualifications€required€forÏthe€exercise€of€the€highest€judicial€functions€inñãñ€ñãññäñÌ€€€€€ñäñconformity€with€the€law€of€the€state€of€which€theyÏare€nationals€or€of€the€state€that€proposes€them€asñåñ€ñåññæñÌ€€€€€ñæñcandidates.ÌÌ€€€2.No€two€judges€may€be€nationals€of€the€same€state.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€53€ÌÌ€€€1.The€judges€of€the€Court€shall€be€elected€by€secret€ballot€by€an€absolute€majority€vote€of€theÏStates€Parties€toñçñ€ñçññèñÌ€€€€€ñèñthe€Convention,€in€the€General€Assembly€of€the€Organization,€from€a€panel€ofÏcandidates€proposed€by€thoseñéñ€ñéññêñÌ€€€€€ñêñstates.ÌÌ€€€2.Each€of€the€States€Parties€may€propose€up€to€three€candidates,€nationals€of€the€state€thatÏproposes€them€or€ofñëñ€ñëññìñÌ€€€€€ñìññíñ€ñíñany€other€member€state€of€the€Organization€of€American€States.€When€aÏslate€of€three€is€proposed,€at€leastñîñ€ñîññïñÌ€€€€€ñïñone€of€the€candidates€shall€be€a€national€of€a€state€other€thanÏthe€one€proposing€the€slate.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€54€ÌÌ€€€1.The€judges€of€the€Court€shall€be€elected€for€a€term€of€six€years€and€may€be€reelected€onlyÏonce.€The€term€ofñðñ€ñðññññÌ€€€€€ñññthree€of€the€judges€chosen€in€the€first€election€shall€expire€at€the€end€of€threeÏyears.€Immediately€after€theñòñ€ñòññóñÌ€€€€€ñóñelection,€the€names€of€the€three€judges€shall€be€determined€by€lot€inÏthe€General€Assembly.ÌÌ€€€2.A€judge€elected€to€replace€a€judge€whose€term€has€not€expired€shall€complete€the€term€of€theÏlatter.ÌÌ€€€3.The€judges€shall€continue€in€office€until€the€expiration€of€their€term.€However,€they€shallÏcontinue€to€serve€withñôñ€ñôññõñÐ ð-@), Ѐ€€€€ñõñregard€to€cases€that€they€have€begun€to€hear€and€that€are€still€pending,€forÐ ð-@), Ðwhich€purposes€they€shall€not€beñöñ€ñöññ÷ñÌ€€€€€ñ÷ñreplaced€by€the€newly€elected€judges.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€55€ÌÌ€€€1.If€a€judge€is€a€national€of€any€of€the€States€Parties€to€a€case€submitted€to€the€Court,€he€shallÏretain€his€right€toñøñ€ñøññùñÌ€€€€€hñùññúñhñúñear€that€case.ÌÌ€€€2.If€one€of€the€judges€called€upon€to€hear€a€case€should€be€a€national€of€one€of€the€States€PartiesÏto€the€case,ñûñ€ñûññüñÌ€€€€€ñüñany€other€State€Party€in€the€case€may€appoint€a€person€of€its€choice€to€serve€on€theÏCourt€as€an€ad€hoc€judge.ÌÌ€€€3.If€among€the€judges€called€upon€to€hear€a€case€none€is€a€national€of€any€of€the€States€PartiesÏto€the€case,€eachñýñ€ñýññþñÌ€€€€€ñþñof€the€latter€may€appoint€an€ad€hoc€judge.ÌÌ€€€4.An€ad€hoc€judge€shall€possess€the€qualifications€indicated€in€Article€52.ÌÌ€€€5.If€several€States€Parties€to€the€Convention€should€have€the€same€interest€in€a€case,€they€shallÏbe€considered€asñÿñ€ñÿñññÌ€€€€€ñña€single€party€for€purposes€of€the€above€provisions.€In€case€of€doubt,€the€CourtÏshall€decide.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€56€ÌÌFive€judges€shall€constitute€a€quorum€for€the€transaction€of€business€by€the€Court.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€57€ÌÌThe€Commission€shall€appear€in€all€cases€before€the€Court.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€58€ÌÌ€€€1.The€Court€shall€have€its€seat€at€the€place€determined€by€the€States€Parties€to€the€ConventionÏin€the€Generalññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññAssembly€of€the€Organization;€however,€it€may€convene€in€the€territory€of€anyÏmember€state€of€theññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññOrganization€of€American€States€when€a€majority€of€the€Court€considers€itÏdesirable,€and€with€the€priorññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññconsent€of€the€state€concerned.€The€seat€of€the€Court€may€beÏchanged€by€the€States€Parties€to€the€Conventionññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññin€the€General€Assembly€by€a€two-thirds€vote.ÌÌ€€€2.The€Court€shall€appoint€its€own€Secretary.ÌÌ€€€3.The€Secretary€shall€have€his€office€at€the€place€where€the€Court€has€its€seat€and€shall€attendÏthe€meetings€thatñ ñ€ñ ññ ñÌ€€€€€ñ ñthe€Court€may€hold€away€from€its€seat.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€59€ÌÌThe€Court€shall€establish€its€Secretariat,€which€shall€function€under€the€direction€of€the€SecretaryÏof€the€Court,€inñ ñ€ñ ññ ñÐ ð-@), Ðañ ññ ñañ ñccordance€with€the€administrative€standards€of€the€General€Secretariat€of€theÐ ð-@), ÐOrganization€in€all€respects€notññ€ññññÌññincompatible€with€the€independence€of€the€Court.€The€staff€of€theÏCourt's€Secretariat€shall€be€appointed€by€theññ€ññññÌññSecretary€General€of€the€Organization,€inÏconsultation€with€the€Secretary€of€the€Court.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€60€ÌÌThe€Court€shall€draw€up€its€Statute€which€it€shall€submit€to€the€General€Assembly€for€approval.€ItÏshall€adopt€its€ownññ€ññññÌññRules€of€Procedure.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€2.€Jurisdiction€and€Functions€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€61€ÌÌ€€€1.Only€the€States€Parties€and€the€Commission€shall€have€the€right€to€submit€a€case€to€the€Court.ÌÌ€€€2.In€order€for€the€Court€to€hear€a€case,€it€is€necessary€that€the€procedures€set€forth€in€Articles€48Ïand€50€shallññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññhave€been€completed.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€62€ÌÌ€€€1.A€State€Party€may,€upon€depositing€its€instrument€of€ratification€or€adherence€to€thisÏConvention,€or€at€anyññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññsubsequent€time,€declare€that€it€recognizes€as€binding,€ipso€facto,€and€notÏrequiring€special€agreement,€theññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññjurisdiction€of€the€Court€on€all€matters€relating€to€theÏinterpretation€or€application€of€this€Convention.ÌÌ€€€2.Such€declaration€may€be€made€unconditionally,€on€the€condition€of€reciprocity,€for€aÏspecified€period,€or€forññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññspecific€cases.€It€shall€be€presented€to€the€Secretary€General€of€theÏOrganization,€who€shall€transmit€copiesññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññthereof€to€the€other€member€states€of€the€OrganizationÏand€to€the€Secretary€of€the€Court.ÌÌ€€€3.The€jurisdiction€of€the€Court€shall€comprise€all€cases€concerning€the€interpretation€andÏapplication€of€theññ€ññññÌ€€€€€ññprovisions€of€this€Convention€that€are€submitted€to€it,€provided€that€the€StatesÏParties€to€the€case€recognize€orñ ñ€ñ ññ!ñÌ€€€€€ñ!ñhave€recognized€such€jurisdiction,€whether€by€special€declarationÏpursuant€to€the€preceding€paragraphs,€or€byñ"ñ€ñ"ññ#ñÌ€€€€€añ#ññ$ñañ$ñ€special€agreement.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€63€ÌÌ€€€1.If€the€Court€finds€that€there€has€been€a€violation€of€a€right€or€freedom€protected€by€thisÏConvention,€the€Courtñ%ñ€ñ%ññ&ñÌ€€€€€ñ&ñshall€rule€that€the€injured€party€be€ensured€the€enjoyment€of€his€right€orÏfreedom€that€was€violated.€It€shall€alsoñ'ñ€ñ'ññ(ñÌ€€€€€ñ(ñrule,€if€appropriate,€that€the€consequences€of€the€measureÏor€situation€that€constituted€the€breach€of€such€rightñ)ñ€ñ)ññ*ñÌ€€€€€oñ*ññ+ñoñ+ñr€freedom€be€remedied€and€that€fairÏcompensation€be€paid€to€the€injured€party.ÌÌ€€€2.In€cases€of€extreme€gravity€and€urgency,€and€when€necessary€to€avoid€irreparable€damage€toÏpersons,€theñ,ñ€ñ,ññ-ñÐ ð-@), Ѐ€€€€ñ-ñCourt€shall€adopt€such€provisional€measures€as€it€deems€pertinent€in€matters€it€hasÐ ð-@), Ðunder€consideration.€Withñ.ñ€ñ.ññ/ñÌ€€€€€ñ/ñrespect€to€a€case€not€yet€submitted€to€the€Court,€it€may€act€at€theÏrequest€of€the€Commission.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€64€ÌÌ€€€1.The€member€states€of€the€Organization€may€consult€the€Court€regarding€the€interpretation€ofÏthis€Conventionñ0ñ€ñ0ññ1ñÌ€€€€€ñ1ñor€of€other€treaties€concerning€the€protection€of€human€rights€in€the€AmericanÏstates.€Within€their€spheres€ofñ2ñ€ñ2ññ3ñÌ€€€€€ñ3ñcompetence,€the€organs€listed€in€Chapter€X€of€the€Charter€of€theÏOrganization€of€American€States,€asñ4ñ€ñ4ññ5ñÌ€€€€€ñ5ñamended€by€the€Protocol€of€Buenos€Aires,€may€in€likeÏmanner€consult€the€Court.ÌÌ€€€2.The€Court,€at€the€request€of€a€member€state€of€the€Organization,€may€provide€that€state€withÏopinionsñ6ñ€ñ6ññ7ñÌ€€€€€ñ7ñregarding€the€compatibility€of€any€of€its€domestic€laws€with€the€aforesaid€internationalÏinstruments.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€65€ÌÌTo€each€regular€session€of€the€General€Assembly€of€the€Organization€of€American€States€theÏCourt€shall€submit,€forñ8ñ€ñ8ññ9ñÌñ9ñthe€Assembly's€consideration,€a€report€on€its€work€during€the€previousÏyear.€It€shall€specify,€in€particular,€the€cases€inñ:ñ€ñ:ññ;ñÌñ;ñwhich€a€state€has€not€complied€with€its€judgments,Ïmaking€any€pertinent€recommendations.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€3.€Procedure€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€66€ÌÌ€€€1.Reasons€shall€be€given€for€the€judgment€of€the€Court.ÌÌ€€€2.If€the€judgment€does€not€represent€in€whole€or€in€part€the€unanimous€opinion€of€the€judges,Ïany€judge€shall€beñ<ñ€ñ<ññ=ñÌ€€€€€ñ=ñentitled€to€have€his€dissenting€or€separate€opinion€attached€to€the€judgment.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€67€ÌÌThe€judgment€of€the€Court€shall€be€final€and€not€subject€to€appeal.€In€case€of€disagreement€as€toÏthe€meaning€orñ>ñ€ñ>ññ?ñÌñ?ñscope€of€the€judgment,€the€Court€shall€interpret€it€at€the€request€of€any€of€theÏparties,€provided€the€request€is€madeñ@ñ€ñ@ññAñÌñAñwithin€ninety€days€from€the€date€of€notification€of€theÏjudgment.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€68€ÌÌ€€€1.The€States€Parties€to€the€Convention€undertake€to€comply€with€the€judgment€of€the€Court€inÏany€case€toñBñ€ñBññCñÌ€€€€€ñCñwhich€they€are€parties.ÌÌ€€€2.That€part€of€a€judgment€that€stipulates€compensatory€damages€may€be€executed€in€theÏcountry€concerned€inñDñ€œñDññEñÐ ð-@), Ѐ€€€€ñEñaccordance›€with€domestic€procedure€governing€the€execution€of€judgmentsÐ ð-@), Ðagainst€the€state.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€69€ÌÌThe€parties€to€the€case€shall€be€notified€of€the€judgment€of€the€Court€and€it€shall€be€transmitted€toÏthe€States€PartiesñFñ€ñFññGñÌñGñto€the€Convention.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€IXÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€COMMON€PROVISIONS€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€70€ÌÌ€€€1.The€judges€of€the€Court€and€the€members€of€the€Commission€shall€enjoy,€from€the€momentÏof€their€electionñHñ€ñHññIñÌ€€€€€ñIñand€throughout€their€term€of€office,€the€immunities€extended€to€diplomaticÏagents€in€accordance€withñJñ€ñJññKñÌ€€€€€ñKñinternational€law.€During€the€exercise€of€their€official€function€theyÏshall,€in€addition,€enjoy€the€diplomaticñLñ€ñLññMñÌ€€€€€pñMññNñpñNñrivileges€necessary€for€the€performance€of€their€duties.ÌÌ€€€2.At€no€time€shall€the€judges€of€the€Court€or€the€members€of€the€Commission€be€held€liable€forÏany€decisions€orñOñ€ñOññPñÌ€€€€€ñPñopinions€issued€in€the€exercise€of€their€functions.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€71€ÌÌThe€position€of€judge€of€the€Court€or€member€of€the€Commission€is€incompatible€with€any€otherÏactivity€that€mightñQñ€ñQññRñÌafñRññSñafñSñfect€the€independence€or€impartiality€of€such€judge€or€member,€asÏdetermined€in€the€respective€statutes.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€72€ÌÌThe€judges€of€the€Court€and€the€members€of€the€Commission€shall€receive€emoluments€andÏtravel€allowances€in€theñTñ€ñTññUñÌñUñform€and€under€the€conditions€set€forth€in€their€statutes,€with€due€regardÏfor€the€importance€and€independence€ofñVñ€ñVññWñÌñWñtheir€office.€Such€emoluments€and€travel€allowancesÏshall€be€determined€in€the€budget€of€the€Organization€ofñXñ€ñXññYñÌñYñAmerican€States,€which€shall€alsoÏinclude€the€expenses€of€the€Court€and€its€Secretariat.€To€this€end,€the€Court€shallñZñ€ñZññ[ñÌñ[ñdraw€up€its€ownÏbudget€and€submit€it€for€approval€to€the€General€Assembly€through€the€General€Secretariat.€TheÌlatter€may€not€introduce€any€changes€in€it.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€73€ÌÌThe€General€Assembly€may,€only€at€the€request€of€the€Commission€or€the€Court,€as€the€case€mayÏbe,€determineñ\ñ€ñ\ññ]ñÌñ]ñsanctions€to€be€applied€against€members€of€the€Commission€or€judges€of€the€CourtÏwhen€there€are€justifiableñ^ñ€ñ^ññ_ñÌñ_ñgrounds€for€such€action€as€set€forth€in€the€respective€statutes.€A€vote€ofÏa€two-thirds€majority€of€the€member€statesñ`ñ€ñ`ññañÌñañof€the€Organization€shall€be€required€for€a€decision€inÏthe€case€of€members€of€the€Commission€and,€in€the€case€ofñbñ€ñbññcñÌñcñjudges€of€the€Court,€a€two-thirdsÏmajority€vote€of€the€States€Parties€to€the€Convention€shall€also€be€required.€ÌÐ ð-@), Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PART€IIIÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€GENERAL€AND€TRANSITORY€PROVISIONS€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€XÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€SIGNATURE,€RATIFICATION,€RESERVATIONS,€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€AMENDMENTS,€PROTOCOLS,€AND€DENUNCIATION€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€74€ÌÌ€€€1.This€Convention€shall€be€open€for€signature€and€ratification€by€or€adherence€of€any€memberÏstate€of€theñdñ€ñdññeñÌ€€€€€ñeñOrganization€of€American€States.ÌÌ€€€2.Ratification€of€or€adherence€to€this€Convention€shall€be€made€by€the€deposit€of€an€instrumentÏof€ratification€orñfñ€ñfññgñÌ€€€€€ñgñadherence€with€the€General€Secretariat€of€the€Organization€of€American€States.ÏAs€soon€as€eleven€states€haveñhñ€ñhññiñÌ€€€€€ñiñdeposited€their€instruments€of€ratification€or€adherence,€theÏConvention€shall€enter€into€force.€With€respect€toñjñ€ñjññkñÌ€€€€€ñkñany€state€that€ratifies€or€adheres€thereafter,€theÏConvention€shall€enter€into€force€on€the€date€of€the€deposit€ofñlñ€ñlññmñÌ€€€€€ñmñits€instrument€of€ratification€orÏ¢adherence.Ratification£€of€or€adherence€to€this€Convention€shall€be€made€by€theñnñ€ñnññoñÌ€€€€€ñoñdeposit€of€anÏinstrument€of€ratification€or€adherence€with€the€General€Secretariat€of€the€Organization€ofñpñ€ñpññqñÌñqñ€€€€ÏAmerican€States.€As€soon€as€eleven€states€have€deposited€their€instruments€of€ratification€orÏadherence,€theñrñ€ñrññsñÌ€€€€€ñsñConvention€shall€enter€into€force.€With€respect€to€any€state€that€ratifies€or€adheresÏthereafter,€the€Conventionñtñ€ñtññuñÌ€€€€€ñuñshall€enter€into€force€on€the€date€of€the€deposit€of€its€instrument€ofÏratification€or€adherence.ÌÌ€€€3.The€Secretary€General€shall€inform€all€member€states€of€the€Organization€of€the€entry€intoÏforce€of€theñvñ€ñvññwñÌ€€€€€ñwñConvention.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€75€ÌÌThis€Convention€shall€be€subject€to€reservations€only€in€conformity€with€the€provisions€of€theÏVienna€Convention€onñxñ€ñxññyñÌthñyññzñthñzñe€Law€of€Treaties€signed€on€May€23,€1969.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€76€ÌÌ€€€1.Proposals€to€amend€this€Convention€may€be€submitted€to€the€General€Assembly€for€theÏaction€it€deemsñ{ñ€ñ{ññ|ñÌ€€€€€ñ|ñappropriate€by€any€State€Party€directly,€and€by€the€Commission€or€the€CourtÏthrough€the€Secretary€General.ÌÌ€€€2.Amendments€shall€enter€into€force€for€the€States€ratifying€them€on€the€date€when€two-thirdsÏof€the€Statesñ}ñ€ñ}ññ~ñÌ€€€€€ñ~ñParties€to€this€Convention€have€deposited€their€respective€instruments€ofÏratification.€With€respect€to€the€otherññ€ñññ€ñÌ€€€€€ñ€ñStates€Parties,€the€amendments€shall€enter€into€force€on€theÏdates€on€which€they€deposit€their€respectiveññ€œñññ‚ñÌ€€€€€ñ‚ñinstruments›€of€ratification.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€77€ÌÐ ð-@), Ѐ€€1.In€accordance€with€Article€31,€any€State€Party€and€the€Commission€may€submit€proposedÏprotocols€to€thisñƒñ€ñƒññ„ñÌ€€€€€ñ„ñConvention€for€consideration€by€the€States€Parties€at€the€General€Assembly€withÏa€view€to€gradually€includingñ…ñ€ñ…ññ†ñÌ€€€€€ñ†ñother€rights€and€freedoms€within€its€system€of€protection.ÌÌ€€€2.Each€protocol€shall€determine€the€manner€of€its€entry€into€force€and€shall€be€applied€onlyÏamong€the€Statesñ‡ñ€ñ‡ññˆñÌ€€€€€Pñˆññ‰ñPñ‰ñarties€to€it.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€78€ÌÌ€€€1.The€States€Parties€may€denounce€this€Convention€at€the€expiration€of€a€five-year€period€fromÏthe€date€of€itsñŠñ€ñŠññ‹ñÌ€€€€€ñ‹ñentry€into€force€and€by€means€of€notice€given€one€year€in€advance.€Notice€of€theÏdenunciation€shall€beñŒñ€ñŒñññÌ€€€€€ññaddressed€to€the€Secretary€General€of€the€Organization,€who€shall€informÏthe€other€States€Parties.ÌÌ€€€2.Such€a€denunciation€shall€not€have€the€effect€of€releasing€the€State€Party€concerned€from€theÏobligationsñŽñ€ñŽñññÌ€€€€€ññcontained€in€this€Convention€with€respect€to€any€act€that€may€constitute€a€violation€ofÏthose€obligations€andññ€ñññ‘ñÌ€€€€€ñ‘ñthat€has€been€taken€by€that€state€prior€to€the€effective€date€of€denunciation.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHAPTER€XIÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€TRANSITORY€PROVISIONS€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€1.€Inter-American€Commission€on€Human€Rights€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€79€ÌÌUpon€the€entry€into€force€of€this€Convention,€the€Secretary€General€shall,€in€writing,€request€eachÏmember€state€ofñ’ñ€ñ’ññ“ñÌthñ“ññ”ñthñ”ñe€Organization€to€present,€within€ninety€days,€its€candidates€for€membershipÏon€the€Inter-American€Commission€onñ•ñ€ñ•ññ–ñÌñ–ñHuman€Rights.€The€Secretary€General€shall€prepare€a€listÏin€alphabetical€order€of€the€candidates€presented,€andñ—ñ€ñ—ññ˜ñÌñ˜ñtransmit€it€to€the€member€states€of€theÏOrganization€at€least€thirty€days€prior€to€the€next€session€of€the€Generalñ™ñ€ñ™ññšñÌñšñAssembly.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€80€ÌÌThe€members€of€the€Commission€shall€be€elected€by€secret€ballot€of€the€General€Assembly€fromÏthe€list€ofñ›ñ€ñ›ññœñÌñœñcandidates€referred€to€in€Article€79.€The€candidates€who€obtain€the€largest€number€ofÏvotes€and€an€absolute€majorityññ€ñññžñÌñžñof€the€votes€of€the€representatives€of€the€member€states€shall€beÏdeclared€elected.€Should€it€become€necessary€toñŸñ€ñŸññ ñÌñ ñhave€several€ballots€in€order€to€elect€all€theÏmembers€of€the€Commission,€the€candidates€who€receive€the€smallestñ¡ñ€ñ¡ññ¢ñÌñ¢ñnumber€of€votes€shall€beÏeliminated€successively,€in€the€manner€determined€by€the€General€Assembly.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Section€2.€Inter-American€Court€of€Human€Rights€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€81€ÌÌUpon€the€entry€into€force€of€this€Convention,€the€Secretary€General€shall,€in€writing,€request€eachÐ ð-@), ÐState€Party€toñ£ñ€ñ£ññ¤ñÌñ¤ññ¥ñ€ñ¥ñpresent,€within€ninety€days,€its€candidates€for€membership€on€the€Inter-AmericanÏCourt€of€Human€Rights.€Theñ¦ñ€ñ¦ññ§ñÌñ§ñSecretary€General€shall€prepare€a€list€in€alphabetical€order€of€theÏcandidates€presented€and€transmit€it€to€the€Statesñ¨ñ€ñ¨ññ©ñÌñ©ñParties€at€least€thirty€days€prior€to€the€nextÏsession€of€the€General€Assembly.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Article€82€ÌÌThe€judges€of€the€Court€shall€be€elected€from€the€list€of€candidates€referred€to€in€Article€81,€byÏsecret€ballot€of€theñªñ€ñªññ«ñÌñ«ñStates€Parties€to€the€Convention€in€the€General€Assembly.€The€candidatesÏwho€obtain€the€largest€number€of€votesñ¬ñ€ñ¬ññ­ñÌñ­ñand€an€absolute€majority€of€the€votes€of€theÏrepresentatives€of€the€States€Parties€shall€be€declared€elected.€Should€itñ®ñÌñ®ññ¯ñ€ñ¯ñbecome€necessary€to€haveÏseveral€ballots€in€order€to€elect€all€the€judges€of€the€Court,€the€candidates€who€receive€theÌsmallest€number€of€votes€shall€be€eliminated€successively,€in€the€manner€determined€by€theÏStates€Parties.€Ìœ