SECTION I ARTICLE
2
1.Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his
life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction
of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law.
2.Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this
article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary:
(a) in defence of any person from unlawful violence;
(b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent escape of a person unlawfully
detained;
(c) in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.
ARTICLE 3
No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment.
ARTICLE 4
1.No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.
2.No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
3.For the purpose of this article the term forced or compulsory labour' shall not
include:
(a) any work required to be done in the ordinary course of detention imposed according
to the provisions of Article 5 of this Convention or during conditional release from such
detention;
(b) any service of a military character or, in case of conscientious objectors in
countries where they are recognized, service exacted instead of compulsory military
service;
(c) any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or
well-being of the community;
(d) any work or service which forms part of normal civic obligations.
ARTICLE 5
1.Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be deprived of
his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by
law:
(a) the lawful detention of a person after conviction by a competent court;
(b) the lawful arrest or detention of a person for non-compliance with the lawful order
of a court or in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation prescribed by law;
(c) the lawful arrest or detention of a person effected for the purpose of bringing him
before the competent legal authority of reasonable suspicion of having committed and
offence or when it is reasonably considered necessary to prevent his committing an offence
or fleeing after having done so;
(d) the detention of a minor by lawful order for the purpose of educational supervision
or his lawful detention for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal
authority;
(e) the lawful detention of persons for the prevention of the spreading of infectious
diseases, of persons of unsound mind, alcoholics or drug addicts, or vagrants;
(f) the lawful arrest or detention of a person to prevent his effecting an unauthorized
entry into the country or of a person against whom action is being taken with a view to
deportation or extradition.
2.Everyone who is arrested shall be informed promptly, in a language which he
understands, of the reasons for his arrest and the charge against him.
3.Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1(c) of
this article shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law
to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to
release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.
4.Everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to
take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a
court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful.
5.Everyone who has been the victim of arrest or detention in contravention of the
provisions of this article shall have an enforceable right to compensation.
ARTICLE 6
1.In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge
against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by
an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgement shall be pronounced
publicly by the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the
interest of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the
interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or
the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where
publicity would prejudice the interests of justice.
2.Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved
guilty according to law.
3.Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:
(a) to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the
nature and cause of the accusation against him;
(b) to have adequate time and the facilities for the preparation of his defence;
(c) to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if
he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the
interests of justice so require;
(d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and
examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
(e) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the
language used in court.
ARTICLE 7
1.No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission
which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the
time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was
applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed.
2.This article shall not prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act
or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal according the general
principles of law recognized by civilized nations.
ARTICLE 8
1.Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his
correspondence.
2.There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right
except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in
the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the
country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals,
or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
ARTICLE 9
1.Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in
community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in
worship, teaching, practice and observance.
2.Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such
limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the
interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or the
protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
ARTICLE 10
1.Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. this right shall include freedom to
hold opinions and to receive and impart information an ideas without interference by
public authority and regardless of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from
requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
2.The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities,
may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are
prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national
security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime,
for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or the rights
of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for
maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.