ÿWPC× Kq¬oÐ*ön ©`ä˜{rŽì¤qš9Oç/b3"Ib"IG·š 2!“žü+À¸­Â3Á“ÂVå}:cMZ ÂXšåɼP§ÂþŒF¹¡cýN9ò"Xú0ñS÷‚ã»ÆÚŸ¶a9Îd‡«K9ÑwÐSZùÕ@ñؾéµñ`±3×[Ê~þ±¾Ì­ è ¯mm[~f_r¥fl÷¹ïn?Ü4>Ò9ÁB•Œ.±©[²½ðc,çÌàÛ-Û¡\U)œ)Í•iãÔªƒ±=òÔ¥‰¤]Šááf9†jƒêGɰÖ1ì€ÔºÂ¹*£^µ‰¸êŽ/à+ $×ãyáÎ;2oÕýª §Á㯲{n*#7Å@ ý{î¶ ñ÷s¨¬„„Cl´í/È/œec͸–·Ó(â…àvs*ö‹µ—æá(k£yxCS ]fçGV×Ò´;™ã¹Xò¢TP×ïÜ7˜uÅ_Nìj’*«rªG/„ íj™^Sæ (ŸÚ<ÿÂñŠ{øLm„ÿaJ âÞ)u8½Ekùn$| #!¨UNÉ % 0(EEw@[4›¯¾ mÀ˜Q_GRHL_7W14_HP4SI,ü,,,,,ü0xÈhH  Z6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡  L100 rDstDuvDwxDyzD{{Sx$˜Ó‚‚3|x{ ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ݛԇèNtçXXÔÓ  ÓTHE€MAGNA€CARTAÐ ° Ð(The€Great€Charter)Ô#†Xz·XçèNt#ÔÐ @ ÐÓ;ÓÌò òPreambleó óÐ À ÐÌà  àJohn,€by€the€grace€of€God,€king€of€England,€lord€of€Ireland,€duke€of€Normandy€andÏAquitaine,€and€count€of€Anjou,€to€the€archbishop,€bishops,€abbots,€earls,€barons,€justiciaries,Ïforesters,€sheriffs,€stewards,€servants,€and€to€all€his€bailiffs€and€liege€subjects,€greetings.€KnowÏthat,€having€regard€to€God€and€for€the€salvation€of€our€soul,€and€those€of€all€our€ancestors€andÏheirs,€and€unto€the€honor€of€God€and€the€advancement€of€his€holy€Church€and€for€the€rectifyingÌof€our€realm,€we€have€granted€as€underwritten€by€advice€of€our€venerable€fathers,€Stephen,Ïarchbishop€of€Canterbury,€primate€of€all€England€and€cardinal€of€the€holy€Roman€Church,€Henry,Ïarchbishop€of€Dublin,€William€of€London,€Peter€of€Winchester,€Jocelyn€of€Bath€andÏGlastonbury,€Hugh€of€Lincoln,€Walter€of€Worcester,€William€of€Coventry,€Benedict€ofÏRochester,€bishops;€of€Master€¢Pandulf£,€subdeacon€and€member€of€the€household€of€our€lordÌthe€Pope,€of€brother€¢Aymeric£€(master€of€the€Knights€of€the€Temple€in€England),€and€of€theÏillustrious€men€William€Marshal,€earl€of€Pembroke,€William,€earl€of€Salisbury,€William,€earl€ofÏ¢Warenne£,€William,€earl€of€¢Arundel£,€Alan€of€¢Galloway£€(constable€of€Scotland),€¢Waren£€¢Fitz£Ï¢Gerold£,€Peter€¢Fitz£€Herbert,€Hubert€De€Burgh€(seneschal€of€¢Poitou£),€Hugh€de€Neville,€MatthewÏ¢Fitz£€Herbert,€Thomas€Basset,€Alan€Basset,€Philip€¢d'Aubigny£,€Robert€of€¢Roppesley£,€JohnÌMarshal,€John€¢Fitz£€Hugh,€and€others,€our€liegemen.ÌÌ1.€In€the€first€place€we€have€granted€to€God,€and€by€this€our€present€charter€confirmed€for€us€andÏour€heirs€forever€that€the€English€Church€shall€be€free,€and€shall€have€her€rights€entire,€and€herÏliberties€inviolate;€and€we€will€that€it€be€thus€observed;€which€is€apparent€from€this€that€theÏfreedom€of€elections,€which€is€reckoned€most€important€and€very€essential€to€the€English€Church,Ïwe,€of€our€pure€and€unconstrained€will,€did€grant,€and€did€by€our€charter€confirm€and€did€obtainÏthe€ratification€of€the€same€from€our€lord,€Pope€Innocent€III,€before€the€quarrel€arose€between€usÏand€our€barons:€and€this€we€will€observe,€and€our€will€is€that€it€be€observed€in€good€faith€by€ourÏheirs€forever.€We€have€also€granted€to€all€freemen€of€our€kingdom,€for€us€and€our€heirs€forever,Ïall€the€underwritten€liberties,€to€be€had€and€held€by€them€and€their€heirs,€of€us€and€our€heirsÏforever.ÌÌ2.€If€any€of€our€earls€or€barons,€or€others€holding€of€us€in€chief€by€military€service€shall€haveÏdied,€and€at€the€time€of€his€death€his€heir€shall€be€full€of€age€and€owe€"relief",€he€shall€have€hisÏinheritance€by€the€old€relief,€to€wit,€the€heir€or€heirs€of€an€earl,€for€the€whole€¢baroncy£€of€an€earlÏby€L100;€the€heir€or€heirs€of€a€baron,€L100€for€a€whole€barony;€the€heir€or€heirs€of€a€knight,€¢100s£,Ïat€most,€and€whoever€owes€less€let€him€give€less,€according€to€the€ancient€custom€of€fees.ÌÌ3.€If,€however,€the€heir€of€any€one€of€the€aforesaid€has€been€under€age€and€in€¢wardship£,€let€himÏhave€his€inheritance€without€relief€and€without€fine€when€he€comes€of€age.ÌÌ4.€The€guardian€of€the€land€of€an€heir€who€is€thus€under€age,€shall€take€from€the€land€of€the€heirÐ P- (* Ðnothing€but€œreasonable€produce,›€reasonable€customs,€and€reasonable€services,€and€that€withoutÏdestruction€or€waste€of€men€or€goods;€and€œif€we›€have€committed€the€¢wardship£€of€the€lands€of€anyÏsuch€minor€to€the€sheriff,€or€to€any€other€who€is€responsible€to€œus€for›€its€issues,€and€he€has€madeÏdestruction€or€waster€of€what€he€holds€in€¢wardship£,€we€will€take€of€him€amends,€œand€the›€landÏshall€be€committed€to€two€lawful€and€discreet€men€of€that€fee,€who€shall€be€responsible€for€theÏissues€to€us€œor€to›€him€to€whom€we€shall€assign€them;€and€if€we€have€given€or€sold€the€¢wardship£Ïof€any€such€land€to€anyone€and€œhe€has›€therein€made€destruction€or€waste,€he€shall€lose€thatÏ¢wardship£,€and€it€shall€be€transferred€to€two€lawful€œand€discreet›€men€of€that€fief,€who€shall€beÏresponsible€to€us€in€like€manner€as€aforesaid.ÌÌ5.€The€guardian,€moreover,€so€long€as€he€has€the€¢wardship£€of€the€land,€shall€keep€up€the€houses,Ïparks,€œfishponds,€stanks,›€mills,€and€other€things€pertaining€to€the€land,€out€of€the€issues€of€theÏsame€land;€and€he€shall€restore€to€the€œheir,€when›€he€has€come€to€full€age,€all€his€land,€stockedÏwith€ploughs€and€¢wainage£,€according€as€the€season€of€œhusbandry€shall›€require,€and€the€issues€ofÏthe€land€can€reasonable€bear.ÌÌ6.€Heirs€shall€be€married€without€disparagement,€yet€so€that€before€the€marriage€takes€place€theÏnearest€in€blood€œto€that›€heir€shall€have€notice.ÌÌ7.€A€widow,€after€the€death€of€her€husband,€shall€forthwith€and€without€difficulty€have€herÏmarriage€portion€œand€inheritance;›€nor€shall€she€give€anything€for€her€dower,€or€for€her€marriageÏportion,€or€for€the€inheritance€which€œher€husband›€and€she€held€on€the€day€of€the€death€of€thatÏhusband;€and€she€may€remain€in€the€house€of€her€husband€œfor€forty›€days€after€his€death,€withinÏwhich€time€her€dower€shall€be€assigned€to€her.ÌÌ8.€No€widow€shall€be€compelled€to€marry,€so€long€as€she€prefers€to€live€without€a€husband;Ïprovided€always€that€œshe€gives›€security€not€to€marry€without€our€consent,€if€she€holds€of€us,€orÏwithout€the€consent€of€the€lord€of€whom€œshe€holds,›€if€she€holds€of€another.ÌÌ9.€Neither€we€nor€our€bailiffs€will€seize€any€land€or€rent€for€any€debt,€as€long€as€the€chattels€ofÏthe€debtor€are€œsufficient€to›€repay€the€debt;€nor€shall€the€sureties€of€the€debtor€be€distrained€soÏlong€as€the€principal€debtor€is€able€to€satisfy€œthe€debt;€and€if€the€principal€debtor€shall€fail€to€payÏthe€debt,€having€nothing€wherewith€to€pay€it,€then€the€sureties€shall€answer€for€the€debt;€and€letÏthem€have€the€lands€and€rents€of€the€debtor,€if€they€desire€them,€until€they€are€indemnifiedÌfor€the€debt€which€they€have€paid€for€him,€unless€the€principal€debtor€can€show€proof€that€he€isÏdischarged€thereof€asÌagainst€the€said€sureties.ÌÌ10.€If€one€who€has€borrowed€from€the€Jews€any€sum,€great€or€small,€die€before€that€loan€beÏrepaid,€the€debt€shall€not€bear€interest€while€the€heir€is€under€age,€of€whomsoever€he€may€hold;Ïand€if€the€debt€fall€into€our€hands,€we€will€not€take€anything€except€the€principal€sum€containedÏin€the€bond.ÌÌ11.€And€if€anyone€die€indebted€to€the€Jews,€his€wife€shall€have€her€dower€and€pay€nothing€of€thatÏdebt;€and€if€any€children€of€the€deceased€are€left€under€age,€necessaries€shall€be€provided€forÐ ð-@), Ðthem€in€keeping€with€the€holding€of€the€deceased;€and€out€of€the€residue€the€debt€shall€be€paid,Ïreserving,€however,€service€due€to€feudal€lords;€in€like€manner€let€it€be€done€touching€debts€dueÏto€others€than€Jews.ÌÌ12.€No€scutage€not€aid€shall€be€imposed€on€our€kingdom,€unless€by€common€counsel€of€ourÏkingdom,€except€for€ransoming€our€person,€for€making€our€eldest€son€a€knight,€and€for€onceÏmarrying€our€eldest€daughter;€and€for€these€there€shall€not€be€levied€more€than€a€reasonable€aid.ÏIn€like€manner€it€shall€be€done€concerning€aids€from€the€city€of€London.ÌÌ13.€And€the€city€of€London€shall€have€all€it€ancient€liberties€and€free€customs,€as€well€by€land€asÏby€water;€furthermore,€we€decree€and€grant€that€all€other€cities,€boroughs,€towns,€and€ports€shallÏhave€all€their€liberties€and€free€customs.ÌÌ14.€And€for€obtaining€the€common€counsel€of€the€kingdom€anent€the€assessing€of€an€aid€(exceptÏin€the€three€cases€aforesaid)€or€of€a€scutage,€we€will€cause€to€be€summoned€the€archbishops,Ïbishops,€abbots,€earls,€and€greater€barons,€severally€by€our€letters;€and€we€will€moveover€cause€toÏbe€summoned€generally,€through€our€sheriffs€and€bailiffs,€and€others€who€hold€of€us€in€chief,€forÏa€fixed€date,€namely,€after€the€expiry€of€at€least€forty€days,€and€at€a€fixed€place;€and€in€all€lettersÏof€such€summons€we€will€specify€the€reason€of€the€summons.€And€when€the€summons€hasÌthus€been€made,€the€business€shall€proceed€on€the€day€appointed,€according€to€the€counsel€ofÏsuch€as€are€present,€although€not€all€who€were€summoned€have€come.ÌÌ15.€We€will€not€for€the€future€grant€to€anyone€license€to€take€an€aid€from€his€own€free€tenants,Ïexcept€to€ransom€his€person,€to€make€his€eldest€son€a€knight,€and€once€to€marry€his€eldestÏdaughter;€and€on€each€of€these€occasions€there€shall€be€levied€only€a€reasonable€aid.ÌÌ16.€No€one€shall€be€distrained€for€performance€of€greater€service€for€a€knight's€fee,€or€for€anyÏother€free€tenement,€than€is€due€therefrom.ÌÌ17.€Common€pleas€shall€not€follow€our€court,€but€shall€be€held€in€some€fixed€place.ÌÌ18.€Inquests€of€novel€disseisin,€of€mort€d'ancestor,€and€of€darrein€presentment€shall€not€be€heldÏelsewhere€than€in€their€own€county€courts,€and€that€in€manner€following;€We,€or,€if€we€should€beÏout€of€the€realm,€our€chief€justiciar,€will€send€two€justiciaries€through€every€county€four€times€aÏyear,€who€shall€alone€with€four€knights€of€the€county€chosen€by€thecounty,€hold€the€said€assizesÏin€the€county€court,€on€the€day€and€in€the€place€of€meeting€of€that€court.ÌÌ19.€And€if€any€of€the€said€assizes€cannot€be€taken€on€the€day€of€the€county€court,€let€there€remainÏof€the€knights€and€freeholders,€who€were€present€at€the€county€court€on€that€day,€as€many€as€mayÏbe€required€for€the€efficient€making€of€judgments,€according€as€the€business€be€more€or€less.ÌÌ20.€A€freeman€shall€not€be€amerced€for€a€slight€offense,€except€in€accordance€with€the€degree€ofÏthe€offense;€and€for€a€grave€offense€he€shall€be€amerced€in€accordance€with€the€gravity€of€theÏoffense,€yet€saving€always€his€"contentment";€and€a€merchant€in€the€same€way,€saving€hisÏ"merchandise";€and€a€villein€shall€be€amerced€in€the€same€way,€saving€his€"wainage"€if€they€haveÐ ð-@), Ðfallen€into€our€mercy:€and€none€of€the€aforesaid€amercements€shall€be€imposed€except€by€theÏoath€of€honest€men€of€the€neighborhood.ÌÌ21.€Earls€and€barons€shall€not€be€amerced€except€through€their€peers,€and€only€in€accordanceÏwith€the€degree€of€the€offense.ÌÌ22.€A€clerk€shall€not€be€amerced€in€respect€of€his€lay€holding€except€after€the€manner€of€theÏothers€aforesaid;€further,€he€shall€not€be€amerced€in€accordance€with€the€extent€of€hisÏecclesiastical€benefice.ÌÌ23.€No€village€or€individual€shall€be€compelled€to€make€bridges€at€river€banks,€except€those€whoÏfrom€of€old€were€legally€bound€to€do€so.ÌÌ24.€No€sheriff,€constable,€coroners,€or€others€of€our€bailiffs,€shall€hold€pleas€of€our€Crown.ÌÌ25.€All€counties,€hundred,€wapentakes,€and€trithings€(except€our€demesne€manors)€shall€remain€atÏthe€old€rents,€and€without€any€additional€payment.ÌÌ26.€If€anyone€holding€of€us€a€lay€fief€shall€die,€and€our€sheriff€or€bailiff€shall€exhibit€our€lettersÏpatent€of€summons€for€a€debt€which€the€deceased€owed€us,€it€shall€be€lawful€for€our€sheriff€orÏbailiff€to€attach€and€enroll€the€chattels€of€the€deceased,€found€upon€the€lay€fief,€to€the€value€ofÏthat€debt,€at€the€sight€of€law€worthy€men,€provided€always€that€nothing€whatever€be€thenceÏremoved€until€the€debt€which€is€evident€shall€be€fully€paid€to€us;€and€the€residue€shall€beÌleft€to€the€executors€to€fulfill€the€will€of€the€deceased;€and€if€there€be€nothing€due€from€him€to€us,Ïall€the€chattels€shall€go€to€the€deceased,€saving€to€his€wife€and€children€their€reasonable€shares.ÌÌ27.€If€any€freeman€shall€die€intestate,€his€chattels€shall€be€distributed€by€the€hands€of€his€nearestÏkinsfolk€and€friends,€under€supervision€of€the€Church,€saving€to€every€one€the€debts€which€theÏdeceased€owed€to€him.ÌÌ28.€No€constable€or€other€bailiff€of€ours€shall€take€corn€or€other€provisions€from€anyone€withoutÏimmediately€tendering€money€therefor,€unless€he€can€have€postponement€thereof€by€permissionÏof€the€seller.ÌÌ29.€No€constable€shall€compel€any€knight€to€give€money€in€lieu€of€castle-guard,€when€he€isÏwilling€to€perform€it€in€his€own€person,€or€(if€he€himself€cannot€do€it€from€any€reasonable€cause)Ïthen€by€another€responsible€man.€Further,€if€we€have€led€or€sent€him€upon€military€service,€heÏshall€be€relieved€from€guard€in€proportion€to€the€time€during€which€he€has€been€on€serviceÏbecause€of€us.ÌÌ30.€No€sheriff€or€bailiff€of€ours,€or€other€person,€shall€take€the€horses€or€carts€of€any€freeman€forÏtransport€duty,€against€the€will€of€the€said€freeman.ÌÌ31.€Neither€we€nor€our€bailiffs€shall€take,€for€our€castles€or€for€any€other€work€of€ours,€woodÏwhich€is€not€ours,€against€the€will€of€the€owner€of€that€wood.Ð ð-@), Ї32.€We€will€not€retain€beyond€one€year€and€one€day,€the€lands€those€who€have€been€convicted€ofÏfelony,€and€the€lands€shall€thereafter€be€handed€over€to€the€lords€of€the€fiefs.ÌÌ33.€All€kydells€for€the€future€shall€be€removed€altogether€from€Thames€and€Medway,€andÏthroughout€all€England,€except€upon€the€seashore.ÌÌ34.€The€writ€which€is€called€praecipe€shall€not€for€the€future€be€issued€to€anyone,€regarding€anyÏtenement€whereby€a€freeman€may€lose€his€court.ÌÌ35.€Let€there€be€one€measure€of€wine€throughout€our€whole€realm;€and€one€measure€of€ale;€andÏone€measure€of€corn,€to€wit,€"the€London€quarter";€and€one€width€of€cloth€(whether€dyed,€orÏrusset,€or€"halberget"),€to€wit,€two€ells€within€the€selvedges;€of€weights€also€let€it€be€as€ofÏmeasures.ÌÌ36.€Nothing€in€future€shall€be€given€or€taken€for€a€writ€of€inquisition€of€life€or€limbs,€but€freely€itÏshall€be€granted,€and€never€denied.ÌÌ37.€If€anyone€holds€of€us€by€fee-farm,€either€by€socage€or€by€burage,€or€of€any€other€land€byÏknight's€service,€we€will€not€(by€reason€of€that€fee-farm,€socage,€or€burgage),€have€the€wardshipÏof€the€heir,€or€of€such€land€of€his€as€if€of€the€fief€of€that€other;€nor€shall€we€have€wardship€of€thatÏfee-farm,€socage,€or€burgage,€unless€such€fee-farm€owes€knight's€service.€We€will€not€by€reasonÏof€any€small€serjeancy€which€anyone€may€hold€of€us€by€the€service€of€rendering€to€us€knives,Ïarrows,€or€the€like,€have€wardship€of€his€heir€or€of€the€land€which€he€holds€of€another€lord€byÏknight's€service.ÌÌ38.€No€bailiff€for€the€future€shall,€upon€his€own€unsupported€complaint,€put€anyone€to€his€"law",Ïwithout€credible€witnesses€brought€for€this€purposes.ÌÌ39.€No€freemen€shall€be€taken€or€imprisoned€or€disseised€or€exiled€or€in€any€way€destroyed,€norÏwill€we€go€upon€him€nor€send€upon€him,€except€by€the€lawful€judgment€of€his€peers€or€by€the€lawÏof€the€land.ÌÌ40.€To€no€one€will€we€sell,€to€no€one€will€we€refuse€or€delay,€right€or€justice.ÌÌ41.€All€merchants€shall€have€safe€and€secure€exit€from€England,€and€entry€to€England,€with€theÏright€to€tarry€there€and€to€move€about€as€well€by€land€as€by€water,€for€buying€and€selling€by€theÏancient€and€right€customs,€quit€from€all€evil€tolls,€except€(in€time€of€war)€such€merchants€as€areÏof€the€land€at€war€with€us.€And€if€such€are€found€in€our€land€at€the€beginning€of€the€war,€theyÏshall€be€detained,€without€injury€to€their€bodies€or€goods,€until€information€be€received€byÌus,€or€by€our€chief€justiciar,€how€the€merchants€of€our€land€found€in€the€land€at€war€with€us€areÏtreated;€and€if€our€men€are€safe€there,€the€others€shall€be€safe€in€our€land.ÌÌ42.€It€shall€be€lawful€in€future€for€anyone€(excepting€always€those€imprisoned€or€outlawed€inÏaccordance€with€the€lawof€the€kingdom,€and€natives€of€any€country€at€war€with€us,€andÏmerchants,€who€shall€be€treated€as€if€above€provided)€to€leave€our€kingdom€and€to€return,€safeÐ ð-@), Ðand€secure€by€land€and€water,€except€for€a€short€period€in€time€of€war,€on€grounds€of€publicÏpolicy€--€reserving€always€the€allegiance€due€to€us.ÌÌ43.€If€anyone€holding€of€some€escheat€(such€as€the€honor€of€Wallingford,€Nottingham,€Boulogne,ÏLancaster,€or€of€other€escheats€which€are€in€our€hands€and€are€baronies)€shall€die,€his€heir€shallÏgive€no€other€relief,€and€perform€no€other€service€to€us€than€he€would€have€done€to€the€baron€ifÏthat€barony€had€been€in€the€baron's€hand;€and€we€shall€hold€it€in€the€same€manner€in€which€theÏbaron€held€it.ÌÌ44.€Men€who€dwell€without€the€forest€need€not€henceforth€come€before€our€justiciaries€of€theÏforest€upon€a€general€summons,€unless€they€are€in€plea,€or€sureties€of€one€or€more,€who€areÏattached€for€the€forest.ÌÌ45.€We€will€appoint€as€justices,€constables,€sheriffs,€or€bailiffs€only€such€as€know€the€law€of€theÏrealm€and€mean€to€observe€it€well.ÌÌ46.€All€barons€who€have€founded€abbeys,€concerning€which€they€hold€charters€from€the€kings€ofÏEngland,€or€of€which€they€have€long€continued€possession,€shall€have€the€wardship€of€them,Ïwhen€vacant,€as€they€ought€to€have.ÌÌ47.€All€forests€that€have€been€made€such€in€our€time€shall€forthwith€be€disafforsted;€and€a€similarÏcourse€shall€be€followed€with€regard€to€river€banks€that€have€been€placed€"in€defense"€by€us€inÏour€time.ÌÌ48.€All€evil€customs€connected€with€forests€and€warrens,€foresters€and€warreners,€sheriffs€andÏtheir€officers,€river€banks€and€their€wardens,€shall€immediately€by€inquired€into€in€each€countyÏby€twelve€sworn€knights€of€the€same€county€chosen€by€the€honest€men€of€the€same€county,€andÏshall,€within€forty€days€of€the€said€inquest,€be€utterly€abolished,€so€as€never€to€be€restored,Ïprovided€always€that€we€previously€have€intimation€thereof,€or€our€justiciar,€if€we€should€not€beÏin€England.ÌÌ49.€We€will€immediately€restore€all€hostages€and€charters€delivered€to€us€by€Englishmen,€asÏsureties€of€the€peace€of€faithful€service.ÌÌ50.€We€will€entirely€remove€from€their€bailiwicks,€the€relations€of€Gerard€of€Athee€(so€that€inÏfuture€they€shall€have€no€bailiwick€in€England);€namely,€Engelard€of€Cigogne,€Peter,€Guy,€andÏAndrew€of€Chanceaux,€Guy€of€Cigogne,€Geoffrey€of€Martigny€with€his€brothers,€Philip€MarkÏwith€his€brothers€and€his€nephew€Geoffrey,€and€the€whole€brood€of€the€same.ÌÌ51.€As€soon€as€peace€is€restored,€we€will€banish€from€the€kingdom€all€foreign€born€knights,Ïcrossbowmen,€serjeants,€and€mercenary€soldiers€who€have€come€with€horses€and€arms€to€theÏkingdom's€hurt.ÌÌ52.€If€anyone€has€been€dispossessed€or€removed€by€us,€without€the€legal€judgment€of€his€peers,Ïfrom€his€lands,€castles,€franchises,€or€from€his€right,€we€will€immediately€restore€them€to€him;Ð ð-@), Ðand€if€a€dispute€arise€over€this,€then€let€it€be€decided€by€the€five€and€twenty€barons€of€whomÏmention€is€made€below€in€the€clause€for€securing€the€peace.€Moreover,€for€all€those€possessions,Ïfrom€which€anyone€has,€without€the€lawful€judgment€of€his€peers,€been€disseised€or€removed,€byÏour€father,€King€Henry,€or€by€our€brother,€King€Richard,€and€which€we€retain€in€our€hand€(orÏwhich€as€possessed€by€others,€to€whom€we€are€bound€to€warrant€them)€we€shall€have€respite€untilÏthe€usual€term€of€crusaders;€excepting€those€things€about€which€a€plea€has€been€raised,€or€anÏinquest€made€by€our€order,€before€our€taking€of€the€cross;€but€as€soon€as€we€return€from€theÏexpedition,€we€will€immediately€grant€full€justice€therein.ÌÌ53.€We€shall€have,€moreover,€the€same€respite€and€in€the€same€manner€in€rendering€justiceÏconcerning€the€disafforestation€or€retention€of€those€forests€which€Henry€our€father€and€RichardÏour€brother€afforested,€and€concerning€the€wardship€of€lands€which€are€of€the€fief€of€anotherÏ(namely,€such€wardships€as€we€have€hitherto€had€by€reason€of€a€fief€which€anyone€held€of€us€byÏknight's€service),€and€concerning€abbeys€founded€on€other€fiefs€than€our€own,€in€which€the€lordÏof€the€fee€claims€to€have€right;€and€when€we€have€returned,€or€if€we€desist€from€our€expedition,Ìwe€will€immediately€grant€full€justice€to€all€who€complain€of€such€things.ÌÌ54.€No€one€shall€be€arrested€or€imprisoned€upon€the€appeal€of€a€woman,€for€the€death€of€anyÏother€than€her€husband.ÌÌ55.€All€fines€made€with€us€unjustly€and€against€the€law€of€the€land,€and€all€amercements,Ïimposed€unjustly€and€against€the€law€of€the€land,€shall€be€entirely€remitted,€or€else€it€shall€beÏdone€concerning€them€according€to€the€decision€of€the€five€and€twenty€barons€whom€mention€isÏmade€below€in€the€clause€for€securing€the€pease,€or€according€to€the€judgment€of€the€majority€ofÏthe€same,€along€with€the€aforesaid€Stephen,€archbishop€of€Canterbury,€if€he€can€be€present,€andÏsuch€others€as€he€may€wish€to€bring€with€him€for€this€purpose,€and€if€he€cannot€be€present€theÏbusiness€shall€nevertheless€proceed€without€him,€provided€always€that€if€any€one€or€more€of€theÏaforesaid€five€and€twenty€barons€are€in€a€similar€suit,€they€shall€be€removed€as€far€as€concernsÏthis€particular€judgment,€others€being€substituted€in€their€places€after€having€been€selected€by€theÏrest€of€the€same€five€and€twenty€for€this€purpose€only,€and€after€having€been€sworn.ÌÌ56.€If€we€have€disseised€or€removed€Welshmen€from€lands€or€liberties,€or€other€things,€withoutÏthe€legal€judgment€of€their€peers€in€England€or€in€Wales,€they€shall€be€immediately€restored€toÏthem;€and€if€a€dispute€arise€over€this,€then€let€it€be€decided€in€the€marches€by€the€judgment€ofÏtheir€peers;€for€the€tenements€in€England€according€to€the€law€of€England,€for€tenements€inÏWales€according€to€the€law€of€Wales,€and€for€tenements€in€the€marches€according€to€theÌlaw€of€the€marches.€Welshmen€shall€do€the€same€to€us€and€ours.ÌÌ57.€Further,€for€all€those€possessions€from€which€any€Welshman€has,€without€the€lawfulÏjudgment€of€his€peers,€been€disseised€or€removed€by€King€Henry€our€father,€or€King€Richard€ourÏbrother,€and€which€we€retain€in€our€hand€(or€which€are€possessed€by€others,€and€which€we€oughtÏto€warrant),€we€will€have€respite€until€the€usual€term€of€crusaders;€excepting€those€things€aboutÏwhich€a€plea€has€been€raised€or€an€inquest€made€by€our€order€before€we€took€the€cross;€but€asÏsoon€as€we€return€(or€if€perchance€we€desist€from€our€expedition),€we€will€immediately€grantÌfull€justice€in€accordance€with€the€laws€of€the€Welsh€and€in€relation€to€the€foresaid€regions.Ð ð-@), Ї58.€We€will€immediately€give€up€the€son€of€Llywelyn€and€all€the€hostages€of€Wales,€and€theÏcharters€delivered€to€us€as€security€for€the€peace.ÌÌ59.€We€will€do€towards€Alexander,€king€of€Scots,€concerning€the€return€of€his€sisters€and€hisÏhostages,€and€concerning€his€franchises,€and€his€right,€in€the€same€manner€as€we€shall€do€towardsÏour€owher€barons€of€England,€unless€it€ought€to€be€otherwise€according€to€the€charters€which€weÏhold€from€William€his€father,€formerly€king€of€Scots;€and€this€shall€be€according€to€the€judgmentÏof€his€peers€in€our€court.ÌÌ60.€Moreover,€all€these€aforesaid€customs€and€liberties,€the€observances€of€which€we€haveÏgranted€in€our€kingdom€as€far€as€pertains€to€us€towards€our€men,€shall€be€observed€b€all€of€ourÏkingdom,€as€well€clergy€as€laymen,€as€far€as€pertains€to€them€towards€their€men.ÌÌ61.€Since,€moveover,€for€God€and€the€amendment€of€our€kingdom€and€for€the€better€allaying€ofÏthe€quarrel€that€has€arisen€between€us€and€our€barons,€we€have€granted€all€these€concessions,Ïdesirous€that€they€should€enjoy€them€in€complete€and€firm€endurance€forever,€we€give€and€grantÏto€them€the€underwritten€security,€namely,€that€the€barons€choose€five€and€twenty€barons€of€theÏkingdom,€whomsoever€they€will,€who€shall€be€bound€with€all€their€might,€to€observe€and€hold,Ïand€cause€to€be€observed,€the€peace€and€liberties€we€have€granted€and€confirmed€to€them€by€thisÌour€present€Charter,€so€that€if€we,€or€our€justiciar,€or€our€bailiffs€or€any€one€of€our€officers,€shallÏin€anything€be€at€fault€towards€anyone,€or€shall€have€broken€any€one€of€the€articles€of€this€peaceÏor€of€this€security,€and€the€offense€be€notified€to€four€barons€of€the€foresaid€five€and€twenty,€theÏsaid€four€barons€shall€repair€to€us€(or€our€justiciar,€if€we€are€out€of€the€realm)€and,€laying€theÏtransgression€before€us,€petition€to€have€that€transgression€redressed€without€delay.ÌAnd€if€we€shall€not€have€corrected€the€transgression€(or,€in€the€event€of€our€being€out€of€theÏrealm,€if€our€justiciar€shall€not€have€corrected€it)€within€forty€days,€reckoning€from€the€time€it€hasÏbeen€intimated€to€us€(or€to€our€justiciar,€if€we€should€be€out€of€the€realm),€the€four€baronsÏaforesaid€shall€refer€that€matter€to€the€rest€of€the€five€and€twenty€barons,€and€those€five€andÏtwenty€barons€shall,€together€with€the€community€of€the€whole€realm,€distrain€and€distress€us€inÏall€possible€ways,€namely,€by€seizing€our€castles,€lands,€possessions,€and€in€any€other€way€theyÏcan,€until€redress€has€been€obtained€as€they€deem€fit,€saving€harmless€our€own€person,€and€theÏpersons€of€our€queen€and€children;€and€when€redress€has€been€obtained,€they€shall€resume€theirÏold€relations€towards€us.€And€let€whoever€in€the€country€desires€it,€swear€to€obey€the€orders€ofÏthe€said€five€and€twenty€barons€for€the€execution€of€all€the€aforesaid€matters,€and€along€withÏthem,€to€molest€us€to€the€utmost€of€his€power;€and€we€publicly€and€freely€grant€leave€to€everyoneÏwho€wishes€to€swear,€and€we€shall€never€forbid€anyone€to€swear.€All€those,€moveover,€in€theÏland€who€of€themselves€and€of€their€own€accord€are€unwilling€to€swear€to€the€twenty€five€to€helpÏthem€in€constraining€and€molesting€us,€we€shall€by€our€command€compel€the€same€to€swear€toÏthe€effect€foresaid.€And€if€any€one€of€the€five€and€twenty€barons€shall€have€died€or€departed€fromÏthe€land,€or€be€incapacitated€in€any€other€manner€which€would€prevent€the€foresaid€provisionsÏbeing€carried€out,€those€of€the€said€twenty€five€barons€who€are€left€shall€choose€another€in€hisÏplace€according€to€their€own€judgment,€and€he€shall€be€sworn€in€the€same€way€as€the€others.ÏFurther,€in€all€matters,€the€execution€of€which€is€entrusted,to€these€twenty€five€barons,€ifÏperchance€these€twenty€five€are€present€and€disagree€about€anything,€or€if€some€of€them,€afterÏbeing€summoned,€are€unwilling€or€unable€to€be€present,€that€which€the€majority€of€those€presentÐ ð-@), Ðordain€or€command€shall€be€held€as€fixed€and€established,€exactly€as€if€the€whole€twenty€fiveÌhad€concurred€in€this;€and€the€said€twenty€five€shall€swear€that€they€will€faithfully€observe€allÏthat€is€aforesaid,€and€cause€it€to€be€observed€with€all€their€might.€And€we€shall€procure€nothingÏfrom€anyone,€directly€or€indirectly,€whereby€any€part€of€these€concessions€and€liberties€might€beÏrevoked€or€diminished;€and€if€any€such€things€has€been€procured,€let€it€be€void€and€null,€and€weÏshall€never€use€it€personally€or€by€another.ÌÌ62.€And€all€the€will,€hatreds,€and€bitterness€that€have€arisen€between€us€and€our€men,€clergy€andÏlay,€from€the€date€of€the€quarrel,€we€have€completely€remitted€and€pardoned€to€everyone.ÏMoreover,€all€trespasses€occasioned€by€the€said€quarrel,€from€Easter€in€the€sixteenth€year€of€ourÏreign€till€the€restoration€of€peace,€we€have€fully€remitted€to€all,€both€clergy€and€laymen,€andÏcompletely€forgiven,€as€far€as€pertains€to€us.€And€on€this€head,€we€have€caused€to€be€madeÌfor€them€letters€testimonial€patent€of€the€lord€Stephen,€archbishop€of€Canterbury,€of€the€lordÏHenry,€archbishop€of€Dublin,€of€the€bishops€aforesaid,€and€of€Master€Pandulf€as€touching€thisÏsecurity€and€the€concessions€aforesaid.ÌÌ63.€Wherefore€we€will€and€firmly€order€that€the€English€Church€be€free,€and€that€the€men€in€ourÏkingdom€have€and€hold€all€the€aforesaid€liberties,€rights,€and€concessions,€well€and€peaceably,Ïfreely€and€quietly,€fully€and€wholly,€forñrñÌñrññsñ€ñsñthemselves€and€their€heirs,€of€us€and€our€heirs,€in€allÏrespects€and€in€all€places€forever,€as€is€aforesaid.€An€oath,ñtñÌñtññuñ€ñuñmoreover,€has€been€taken,€as€well€onÏour€part€as€on€the€art€of€the€barons,€that€all€these€conditions€aforesaid€shall€beñvñÌñvññwñ€ñwñkept€in€good€faithÏand€without€evil€intent.€Given€under€our€hand€-€the€above€named€and€many€others€beingÏwitnesses€-ñxñÌñxññyñ€ñyñin€the€meadow€which€is€called€Runnymede,€between€Windsor€and€Staines,€on€theÏfifteenth€day€of€June,€in€theñzñÌñzññ{ñ€ñ{ñseventeenth€year€of€our€reign.